Cardiopulmonary anatomy & physiology : essentials for respiratory care

Half Title Page
Title Page
Copyright Page
Contents
List of Tables
List of Clinical Connections
Foreword
Preface
Acknowledgments
Section 1: The Cardiopulmonary System The Essentials
	Chapter 1: The Anatomy and Physiology of the Respiratory System
		The Airways
		The Upper Airways
		The Lower Airways
		The Sites of Gas Exchange
		The Pulmonary Vascular System
		The Lymphatic System
		Neural Control of the Lungs
		The Lungs
		The Mediastinum
		The Pleural Membranes
		The Thorax
		The Muscles of Ventilation
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
	Chapter 2: Ventilation
		Introduction
		Mechanisms of Pulmonary Ventilat
		Elastic Properties of the Lung and Chest Wall
		Dynamic Characteristics of the Lungs
		Ventilatory Patterns
		How Normal Pleural Pressure Differences Cause Regional Differences in Normal Lung Ventilation
		The Effect of Airway Resistance and Lung Compliance on Ventilatory Patterns
		Overview of Specific Breathing Conditions
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 3: Pulmonary Function Measurements
		Lung Volumes and Capacities
		Pulmonary Mechanics
		Factors Affecting Predicted Normal Values
		How the Effects of Dynamic Compression Decrease Expiratory Flow Rates
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 4: The Diffusion ofPulmonary Gases
		Introduction
		Dalton’s Law
		Partial Pressures of Atmospheric Gases
		Gas Diffusion—Pressure Gradients versus Diffusion Gradients
		The Partial Pressures of Gases in the Air, Alveoli, and Blood
		The Ideal Alveolar Gas Equation
		The Diffusion of Pulmonary Gases
		Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Diffusion across the Alveolar-Capillary Membrane
		Gas Diffusion According to Fick’s Law
		Perfusion-Limited Gas Flow
		Diffusion-Limited Gas Flow
		How Oxygen Can Be Either Perfusionor Diffusion Limited
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 5: The Anatomy and Physiology of the Circulatory System
		Introduction
		The Blood
		The Heart
		The Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Systems
		Pressures in the Pulmonary and Systemic Vascular Systems
		The Cardiac Cycle and Its Effect on Blood Pressure
		The Distribution of Pulmonary Blood Flow
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 6: Oxygen and Carbon Dioxide Transport
		Introduction
		Oxygen Transport
		Oxyhemoglobin Dissociation Curve
		Oxygen Transport Calculations
		Hypoxia
		Cyanosis
		Carbon Dioxide Transport
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 7: Acid–Base Balance and Regulation
		Introduction
		Basic Principles of Acid–Base Reactions and pH
		Chemical Buffer Systems and Acid–Base Balance
		The Respiratory System and Acid–Base Balance
		The Renal System and Acid–Base Balance
		The Role of the PCO2/HCO32/pH Relationship in Acid–Base Balance
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 8: Ventilation-Perfusion Relationships
		Ventilation-Perfusion Ratio
		Respiratory Quotient
		Respiratory Exchange Ratio
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 9: Control of Ventilation
		Introduction
		Control of Respiration
		Factors That Influence the Rate and Depth of Breathing
		Other Important Factors That Influence Breathing
		Miscellaneous Factors That May Influence Breathing
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 10: Fetal Development and the Cardiopulmonary System
		Fetal Lung Development
		Placenta
		Fetal Circulation
		Birth
		Control of Ventilation in the Newborn
		Clinical Parameters in the Normal Newborn
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 11: Aging and the Cardiopulmonary System
		Introduction
		Effects of Aging on the Respiratory System
		Pulmonary Gas Exchange
		Arterial Blood Gases
		Effects of Aging on the Cardiovascular System
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
Section 2: Advanced Cardiopulmonary Concepts and Related Areas The Essentials
	Chapter 12: Electrophysiology of the Heart
		Introduction
		Five Phases of the Action Potential
		Properties of the Cardiac Muscle
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
	Chapter 13: The Standard 12-ECG Lead System
		Introduction
		The Standard 12-ECG Lead System
		Normal ECG Configurations and Their Expected Measurements (Lead II)
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
	Chapter 14: ECG Interpretation
		How to Analyze the Waveforms1
		Common Cardiac Dysrhythmias
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
	Chapter 15: Hemodynamic Measurements
		Hemodynamic Measurements
		Hemodynamic Values Computed from Direct Measurements
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 16: Renal Failure and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System
		The Kidneys
		The Nephrons
		Blood Vessels of the Kidneys
		Urine Formation
		Urine Concentration and Volume
		Regulation of Electrolyte Concentration
		Role of the Kidneys in Acid–Base Balance
		Blood Volume
		Renal Failure
		Cardiopulmonary Disorders Caused by Renal Failure
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
	Chapter 17: Sleep Physiology and Its Relationship to the Cardiopulmonary System
		Introduction
		Types of Sleep
		Normal Sleep Cycles
		Functions of Sleep
		Circadian Rhythms
		Normal Sleep Patterns
		Factors Affecting Sleep
		Common Sleep Disorders
		Normal Cardiopulmonary Physiology during Sleep
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
		Clinical Application Questions
Section 3: The Cardiopulmonary System during Unusual Environmental Conditions
	Chapter 18: Exercise and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System
		Introduction
		Respiratory Functions
		Circulatory Functions
		Interrelationships among Muscle Work, Oxygen Consumption, and Cardiac Output
		Influence of Training on the Heart and Cardiac Output
		Stroke Volume versus Heart Rate in Increasing Cardiac Output
		Body Temperature/Cutaneous Blood Flow Relationship
		Pulmonary Rehabilitation
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
	Chapter 19: High Altitude and Its Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System
		Cardiopulmonary Changes Seen at High Altitude
		Other Physiologic Changes
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
	Chapter 20: High-Pressure Environmentsand Their Effects on the Cardiopulmonary System
		Introduction
		Diving
		Hyperbaric Medicine
		Chapter Summary
		Review Questions
Glossary
Appendices
	Appendix I: Symbols and Abbreviations
	Appendix II: Units of Measurement
	Appendix III: Poiseuille’s Law
	Appendix IV: DuBois Body Surface Chart
	Appendix V: Cardiopulmonary Profile
	Appendix VI: PCO2/HCO32/pH Nomogram
	Appendix VII: Calculating Heart Rate by Counting the Number of Large ECG Squares
	Appendix VIII: Answers to Review Questions in Text
Bibliography
Index