Cardiology Drug Update, An Issue of Cardiology Clinics

Cover......Page 1
Foreword......Page 2
Preface......Page 3
Angiotensin Receptor Blockers: Novel Role in High-Risk Patients......Page 6
Importance of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system pathway and significance of angiotensin receptor type I......Page 7
Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system inhibition and cardiovascular protection......Page 8
Role of angiotensin receptor blockers in endothelial improvement......Page 9
Angiotensin receptor blockers in high-risk hypertensives......Page 10
Angiotensin receptor blockers in post-myocardial infarction patients......Page 11
Angiotensin receptor blockers in heart failure......Page 14
Pathophysiologic Basis......Page 16
Combination therapy with angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors and angiotensin receptor blockers in high-risk groups......Page 18
Future directions......Page 20
References......Page 21
Renin Inhibitors: Novel Agents for Renoprotection or a Better Angiotensin Receptor Blocker for Blood Pressure Lowering?......Page 26
History......Page 27
Aliskiren......Page 28
Renoprotective effects of aliskiren......Page 29
Aliskiren in the treatment of human hypertension......Page 30
References......Page 33
Current therapies targeting HDL-c......Page 35
Evolution of CETP as a novel target......Page 36
Clinical experience with the CETP inhibitor torcetrapib......Page 37
CETP inhibitors in clinical development......Page 39
References......Page 40
Extended-Release Niacin/Laropiprant: Reducing Niacin-Induced Flushing to Better Realize the Benefit of Niacin in Improving Cardiovascular Risk Factors......Page 45
Underutilization of niacin......Page 46
Flushing pathway inhibition supports a new niacin-dosing regimen......Page 48
Laropiprant in phase II......Page 49
Effects on lipids......Page 51
Initiation of therapy and advancement to 2 g maintenance dose......Page 52
Comparison with gradually titrated NIASPAN......Page 53
Discontinuation because of flushing......Page 54
Safety......Page 55
References......Page 56
Landmark clinical trials......Page 59
Levosimendan for Acute HF......Page 64
Vasopressin Antagonists for Chronic Heart Failure......Page 65
Cardiac Resynchronization Therapy......Page 66
References......Page 67
The pleiotropic effects of statins......Page 70
Does lipid paradox exist in heart failure?......Page 71
The Statin Trials......Page 72
Evaluation of Statin Therapy in Observational Studies of HF Cohorts......Page 74
Prospective Trials Evaluating Mechanistic Effects of Statins in Heart Failure......Page 77
Prospective Randomized Clinical Trials......Page 78
Meta-analysis of Statin Use in Heart Failure......Page 80
References......Page 81
Pharmacology of cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors......Page 85
Gastrointestinal effects of coxibs......Page 87
Pharmacologic basis of cardiovascular risk......Page 88
Observational and clinical trials data on cardiovascular risk associated with cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors......Page 89
Celecoxib clinical trials data......Page 91
Current recommendations......Page 93
References......Page 94
Mechanism of action......Page 98
Chronic Angina Pectoris......Page 100
Combination regimens......Page 101
Unstable Angina/Non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction......Page 103
Electrophysiologic Effects of Ranolazine and Efficacy as an Antiarrhythmic Agent......Page 104
Diastolic heart failure......Page 106
References......Page 108
Unfractionated heparin in ST segment elevation myocardial infarction with fibrinolytics......Page 110
Heparin-induced thrombocytopenia......Page 111
Low molecular weight heparin and early invasive therapy for acute coronary syndrome......Page 112
Direct thrombin inhibitors and early conservative strategy non-ST segment elevation myocardial infarction and UNSTABLE ANGINA......Page 113
Heparinoids......Page 114
Warfarin: long-term anticoagulation and oral anticoagulants......Page 115
Summary......Page 118
References......Page 119
Intensity of Antiplatelet Therapy in Patients with Acute Coronary Syndromes and Percutaneous Coronary Intervention: the Promise of Prasugrel?......Page 124
Pharmacology and early phase clinical studies of prasugrel......Page 125
Clinical evaluation......Page 127
Remaining questions......Page 129
References......Page 130
Dipeptidyl Peptidase-4 as a New Target of Action for Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Systematic Review......Page 133
Acknowledgements......Page 134
Sitagliptin......Page 135
Vildagliptin......Page 137
References......Page 139