Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: A Geologic - Engineering Analysis

Front Cover......Page 1
Carbonate Reservoir Characterization: A Geologic - Engineering Analysis......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
CONTENTS......Page 12
Preface......Page 8
List of Contributors......Page 10
Overview......Page 18
Fluid flow relationships......Page 19
Reservoirs in karsted carbonates......Page 64
Reservoirs in chalks......Page 66
Seismic identification of carbonates......Page 67
References......Page 68
Seismic and synthetic seismograms......Page 76
Carbonate play types......Page 89
Recognition of carbonate reservoirs......Page 98
Seismic character of carbonate systems......Page 103
References.......Page 115
Introduction......Page 122
Reservoir characterization......Page 123
Coring......Page 124
Core handling......Page 132
Core analysis......Page 133
Special considerations for core analysis of carbonate reservoirs......Page 161
Rock catalogs......Page 163
Summary......Page 165
References......Page 166
Formation evaluation philosophy......Page 172
Formation properties of interest......Page 173
Formation evaluation tools......Page 174
Formation evaluation situations......Page 176
Petrophysical models......Page 179
Determination of formation properties of interest......Page 181
Lithology determination......Page 184
Porosity determination......Page 195
Pore fluid saturation determination......Page 199
Pore fluid property determination......Page 213
Permeability determination......Page 218
Net formation thickness determination......Page 227
Structural and stratigraphic determination......Page 229
Propagation of error considerations......Page 233
Acknowledgments......Page 237
References......Page 238
Introduction......Page 248
Technical overview......Page 249
Reservoir classification schemes......Page 251
Incremental recovery technology......Page 312
Carbonate reservoir characterization......Page 375
Laboratory and field characterization of carbonate reservoirs......Page 452
Summary of reservoir characteristics and primary performance data, and references for selected carbonate reservoirs categorized on pore type and drive mechanism (Table)......Page 535
References......Page 549
Introduction......Page 566
Pressure transient behavior of reservoirs......Page 569
Linear flow behavior......Page 571
Spherical flow behavior......Page 574
Bilinear flow behavior......Page 576
Flow diagnosis......Page 580
Pressure drawdown analysis......Page 601
Skin factor......Page 603
Pressure transient analysis for gas wells......Page 608
Agarwal's (1980) method to account for producing-time effects in the analysis of buildup test......Page 628
Analysis of well interference tests......Page 648
Determination of the pressure-dependent characteristics of a reservoir......Page 655
Analysis of variable flow rate using superposition, convolution and deconvolution (desuperposition)......Page 658
A general approach to well test analysis......Page 670
Additional well test examples......Page 676
Nomenclature......Page 690
References......Page 693
Introduction......Page 700
Fracturing vs. geological history......Page 704
Physical properties of fractures and matrix......Page 727
Fractured carbonate reservoir evaluation through well production data......Page 744
Fractured limestone reservoir evaluation through transient flow well data......Page 757
Evluation of matrix-fractures imbibition fluid exchange......Page 767
References......Page 786
General statement......Page 790
Reservoirs in chalks......Page 792
Epilogue......Page 809
References......Page 810
Introduction......Page 814
Karsts and their relationship to unconformities......Page 815
Classification of karst reservoirs......Page 823
Hydrocarbons produced from karsted carbonate reservoirs......Page 845
Geologic and petrophysical characteristics of karsted reservoirs......Page 850
Subsurface recognition of karsted carbonates......Page 864
References......Page 873
Introduction......Page 884
Primary recovery......Page 885
Waterflooding and residual oil......Page 887
Displacement efficiency......Page 889
Volumetric sweep efficiency......Page 899
Reservoir models for simulation of production......Page 903
Tertiary oil recovery in Canada......Page 912
Conclusions......Page 915
References......Page 916
APPENDIX A. GLOSSARY OF SELECTED GEOLOGIC TERMS......Page 922
APPENDIX B. PETROLEUM ENGINEERING GLOSSARY......Page 938
Recommended references......Page 954
Interfacial tension and contact angle......Page 956
Effect of contact angle and interfacial tension on movement of oil......Page 961
References......Page 966
Source rocks......Page 968
Permeability and porosity......Page 969
Production......Page 971
Logging......Page 972
Acidizing......Page 973
Fracturing......Page 974
AUTHOR INDEX......Page 976
SUBJECT INDEX......Page 996