Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems (Physiological Ecology)

Front Cover......Page 1
Carbon Dioxide and Terrestrial Ecosystems......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 14
Preface......Page 18
I. Introduction......Page 20
II. Experimental Approach......Page 22
III. Results......Page 24
IV. Discussion......Page 34
References......Page 38
I. Introduction......Page 42
II. Site and Methods......Page 43
III. Results and Discussion......Page 45
IV. Perspective: Applicability of Results to Mature Forests......Page 51
V. Summary and Conclusions......Page 56
References......Page 57
I. Introduction......Page 60
II. Study Site and Experimental Methods......Page 63
III. Results and Discussion......Page 66
IV. Conclusions......Page 68
References......Page 69
I. Introduction......Page 72
II. Materials and Methods......Page 76
III. Results and Discussion......Page 78
IV. Conclusions......Page 87
References......Page 88
I. Introduction......Page 90
II. Materials and Methods......Page 91
III. Results......Page 92
IV. Discussion......Page 101
References......Page 104
I. Introduction......Page 106
II. Litter Quality and the Decomposition Process......Page 108
III. CO2 Enrichment Effects on Litter Quality and Decomposition......Page 111
IV. A Few Words to the Wise Decomposer......Page 115
V. Summary......Page 119
References......Page 120
I. Introduction......Page 124
III. Carbon-Nutrient Balance Theory: A Predictive Tool......Page 125
IV. Effects of Elevated CO2 on Tree Chemistry......Page 126
V. Effects on Insect Herbivores......Page 131
VI. Potential Community and Ecosystem Responses......Page 134
VII. Future Research Directions......Page 136
References......Page 137
I. Introduction......Page 140
II. The Challenge......Page 141
III. Jasper Ridge......Page 144
IV. The Suite of Experiments......Page 148
V. Experimental Facilities......Page 150
VI. Results......Page 157
VII. Concluding Remarks......Page 160
References......Page 161
I. Introduction......Page 166
II. Study Site and Experimental Design......Page 169
III: Results and Discussion......Page 170
IV. Summary and Conclusions......Page 176
References......Page 179
I. Introduction......Page 182
II. Individual Plant Response to Elevated CO2......Page 184
III. Ecosystem-Level Response to Elevated CO2......Page 186
IV. Long-Term Ecosystem Response to Elevated CO2......Page 190
V. Summary ancl Conclusions......Page 191
References......Page 193
I. Introduction......Page 196
II. Methods......Page 198
III. Results of Two Years of Field Experimentation......Page 204
IV. Conclusions......Page 213
References......Page 214
I. Introduction......Page 216
II. Results......Page 218
III. Discussion......Page 222
IV. Conclusions......Page 229
V. Summary......Page 230
References......Page 231
I. Introduction......Page 234
II. Materials and Methods......Page 237
III. Results and Discussion......Page 240
IV. Summary and Future Investigations......Page 258
Appendix......Page 260
References......Page 264
I. Introduction......Page 270
II. Materials and Methods......Page 271
III. Results......Page 273
IV. Discussion......Page 278
V. Summary and Conclusions......Page 280
References......Page 281
II. Materials and Methods: Outdoor, Sunlit, Controlled-Environment Chambers......Page 284
III. Results and Discussion......Page 286
IV. Conclusions and Research Recommendations......Page 298
V. Summary......Page 299
References......Page 300
I. Introduction......Page 302
II. Nature of Nitrogen Cycling in Forests......Page 303
III. Potential Effects of Elevated CO2 on Nitrogen Cycling......Page 308
IV. What Do Seedling–Sapling Studies Tell Us about Ecosystem-Level Response?......Page 310
V. Conclusions......Page 313
References......Page 314
I. Introduction......Page 318
II. Detoxification of Reactive Oxygen Species......Page 319
III. Interactions of Environmental Stresses and Elevated CO2......Page 322
IV. Summary......Page 328
References......Page 330
I. Introduction......Page 336
II. Models......Page 338
III. Processes That Should Be Included in Models Used to Predict Crop Responses to Elevated CO2......Page 345
IV. Knowledge Needs......Page 356
V. Conclusions......Page 358
References......Page 359
I. Introduction......Page 366
II. Leaf-Level Models......Page 368
III. Plant-Level Models......Page 370
IV. Population, Community, and Stand Models......Page 374
V. Ecosystem Models......Page 378
VI. Regional and Global Models......Page 385
VII. Future Challenges......Page 388
References......Page 391
I. Introduction......Page 400
II. The Model......Page 402
III. Results and Discussion......Page 403
IV. Summary......Page 412
References......Page 413
I. Introduction......Page 418
II. Modeling and Measuring Plant and Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO2......Page 419
IV. Where Do We Stand with Respect to β?......Page 428
References......Page 430
I. Cross-System Comparisons......Page 434
II. Future Research Needs......Page 443
III. Conclusions......Page 446
References......Page 447
Index......Page 450
Physiological Ecology: A Series of Monographs, Texts, and Treatises......Page 463