Cancer Information for Teens: Health Tips About Cancer Awareness, Prevention, Diagnosis, and Treatment (Teen Health Series)

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
How To Use This Book......Page 10
About the Teen Health Series......Page 12
Our Advisory Board......Page 13
Medical Consultant......Page 14
Part One - Basic Information About Cancer And Cancer Risk Factors......Page 16
1. Understanding Cancer......Page 18
Cancer As A Multistep Process......Page 23
The Human Face Of Cancer......Page 28
Cancer And Society......Page 32
2. Questions And Answers About Childhood Cancers......Page 34
Selected References......Page 41
Osteosarcoma......Page 42
Leukemia......Page 44
Lymphoma......Page 47
Other Cancers......Page 48
The Story Of DNA......Page 50
Disease Origins......Page 51
Gene Testing......Page 53
Benefits And Risks Of Gene Testing......Page 54
5. Family History And Cancer Risk......Page 56
UV Radiation And Cancer Risk......Page 60
Cigarette Smoking And Cancer......Page 68
Smokeless Tobacco......Page 71
8. Alcohol Use And Breast Cancer......Page 78
9. Are Artificial Sweeteners Linked To Cancer Risk?......Page 82
Additional Research Regarding Aspartame and Cancer......Page 84
10. Questions And Answers About Obesity And Cancer......Page 88
11. Oral Contraceptives And Cancer Risk......Page 94
12. Human Papillomavirus And Cancer Risk......Page 100
13. Cancer And The Environment: What You Need To Know......Page 108
Tobacco......Page 109
Ultraviolet Radiation......Page 110
Viruses And Bacteria......Page 111
Ionizing Radiation......Page 112
Medical Drugs......Page 114
Solvents......Page 115
Fibers, Fine Particles, And Dust......Page 116
Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (PAHs)......Page 117
Metals......Page 118
Vinyl Chloride......Page 120
Benzidine......Page 121
14. Questions And Answers About Asbestos And Cancer......Page 122
15. Cancer Risk And The Use Of Cellular Telephones......Page 128
Risks Of Second Cancers......Page 136
Secondary Cancers......Page 137
Part Two - Cancers Of Most Concern to Teens And Young Adults......Page 140
Bone Cancer: Questions and Answers......Page 142
Ewing Family Of Tumors......Page 147
Osteosarcoma And Malignant Fibrous Histiocytoma Of Bone......Page 149
The Brain......Page 150
Tumor Grades......Page 151
Types of Primary Brain Tumors......Page 152
Risk Factors......Page 153
Diagnosis......Page 154
Treatment......Page 155
Rehabilitation......Page 156
Follow-Up Care......Page 157
The Breasts And Breast Cancer Risk Factors......Page 158
Screening......Page 161
Diagnosis......Page 163
Staging......Page 164
Treatment......Page 166
The Cervix And Risk Factors For Cervical Cancer......Page 168
Detection And Diagnosis......Page 170
Staging......Page 171
Treatment......Page 172
Follow-Up Care......Page 173
21. Germ Cell Tumors......Page 174
Stage Explanation......Page 176
Treatment Overview......Page 177
22. Leukemia......Page 180
Hodgkin Lymphoma......Page 190
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma......Page 199
The Skin......Page 204
Skin Cancer Risk Factors......Page 205
Symptoms......Page 208
Diagnosis......Page 210
Staging......Page 211
Treatment Methods......Page 212
Follow-Up Care......Page 215
25. Soft Tissue Sarcomas......Page 216
Childhood Rhabdomyosarcoma......Page 222
The Central Nervous System......Page 224
Symptoms......Page 225
No Stages For Childhood Spinal Cord Tumors......Page 226
Treatment Overview......Page 228
27. Testicular Cancer......Page 230
The Thyroid......Page 237
Risk Factors......Page 238
Symptoms......Page 241
Treatment......Page 242
Part Three - Diagnosing And Treating Cancer......Page 246
29. Diagnosing Cancer......Page 248
30. What Is Cancer Staging?......Page 252
Physician Training And Credentials......Page 258
Finding a Doctor......Page 260
Getting A Second Opinion......Page 262
Finding A Treatment Facility......Page 264
Medical Doctors......Page 266
Interdisciplinary Team Members......Page 268
33. What It’s Like To Stay In The Hospital......Page 270
People In The Hospital......Page 271
The Long Haul......Page 273
About Cancer Treatment......Page 276
Surgery......Page 277
Chemotherapy......Page 279
Radiation Therapy......Page 282
Immunotherapy......Page 284
BMT And Peripheral Blood Stem Cell Transplants......Page 285
Common Medical Procedures......Page 286
What To Expect......Page 290
Making Surgery Less Stressful......Page 293
Blood Transfusions......Page 296
Nutrition......Page 298
Many Choices......Page 300
Types of Complementary and Alternative Medicine (CAM)......Page 301
Choose Practitioners With Care......Page 304
Getting Information From Trusted Sources......Page 305
38. Participating In Cancer Research......Page 308
Part Four - Coping With Cancer And The Effects Of Treatment......Page 316
Learning About Cancer......Page 318
How Can I Take Care Of Myself Emotionally?......Page 320
How Can I Help Someone Who Has Cancer?......Page 321
What Is Neutropenia?......Page 322
Making The Best Of It......Page 324
Plumbing Problems: Nausea And Vomiting......Page 326
Plumbing Problems: Diarrhea And Constipation......Page 329
Plumbing Problems: Mouth Sores......Page 332
Temperature Control: Fever......Page 334
Temperature Control: Shaking Chills......Page 337
Mirror Mirror On The Wall: Hair Loss......Page 340
Mirror Mirror On The Wall: Skin Problems......Page 343
Mirror Mirror On The Wall: Steroids......Page 345
How Is Cancer Rehabilitation Effective?......Page 348
The Cancer Rehabilitation Team......Page 349
Additional Resources......Page 352
People Change......Page 354
Life Goes On......Page 355
Tell Your Teachers What To Expect......Page 356
Know Yourself......Page 358
Impact Of Childhood Cancer On Nutrition And Physical Activity......Page 360
Developing A Healthy Nutrition Plan......Page 362
Developing A Healthy Physical Exercise Plan......Page 364
Physical Activity For Survivors With Special Needs......Page 366
After The Cancer Experience......Page 368
Relationships......Page 369
Risk Factors For Emotional Issues......Page 370
Treatment Options......Page 371
Resources......Page 372
48. Late Effects Of Treatment For Childhood Cancer......Page 374
Part Five - When Someone You Know Has Cancer......Page 386
It May Be Hard To Talk About Cancer......Page 388
Answering Questions......Page 393
Changing......Page 394
You’ve Just Learned That Your Parent Has Cancer......Page 396
Your Feelings......Page 397
Cancer Treatment......Page 399
What Your Parent May Be Feeling......Page 403
Changes In Your Family......Page 404
You And Your Friends......Page 405
The Road Ahead......Page 406
“How Could I Be Feeling This?”......Page 408
What You Can Do......Page 410
Helping Your Family—and Yourself......Page 412
Other Ways To Cope......Page 413
52. You Can Help When Your Friend Has Cancer......Page 414
Be Prepared......Page 415
Emotional Support......Page 416
Practical Support......Page 417
Part Six - If You Need More Information......Page 420
Books......Page 422
Publications Available From The NCI......Page 424
54. Sources Of Cancer Information, Advocacy, And Support......Page 426
Who sponsors clinical trials?......Page 436
Other Resources For Finding Clinical Trials......Page 438
Index......Page 442