Camera Trapping for Wildlife Research

Title Page
 Copyright Page
 Contents
 About the editors
 About the contributors
 Foreword
 Preface
 Acknowledgements
 Online resources
 1. Introduction
 1.1 A brief history of camera trapping
 1.2 Efficiency of camera trapping and advantages over other wildlife detection methods
 2. Camera features related to specific ecological applications
 2.1 Introduction
 2.2 Camera trap systems
 2.3 Camera features to consider when choosing models
 2.4 Camera performance in relation to study designs
 2.4.1 Faunal inventories
 2.4.2 Occupancy studies (species and community-level)
 2.4.3 Capture-recapture. 2.4.4 Behavioural studies2.5 Review of currently available camera trap models and comparative performance tests
 2.6 Limitations and future developments of camera technology
 3. Field deployment of camera traps
 3.1 Pre-field planning
 3.2 Setting camera traps in the field
 3.2.1 Site selection and placement
 3.2.2 Trail settings
 3.2.3 Checklist of actions to activate the camera trap
 3.2.4 Checking and retrieving camera traps
 3.2.5 Checklist of actions when checking and removing the camera trap
 3.3 After the fieldwork
 4. Camera trap data management and interoperability
 4.1 Introduction. 4.2 Camera trap data4.2.1 Camera trap conceptual components
 4.3 Managing camera trap data: Wild. ID
 4.3.1 Setting up a camera trap project
 4.3.2 Processing camera trap data
 4.3.3 Retrofitting legacy camera trap data
 4.3.4 Additional camera trap data management tools
 4.4 Camera trap data interoperability
 4.5 Wildlife Insights --
the camera trap data network
 4.6 The future: more repositories, better data management and analytical services
 5. Presence/absence and species inventory
 5.1 Introduction
 5.2 Raw descriptors: naïve occupancy and detection rate as a relative abundance index. 5.3 Sampling design5.4 Sampling completeness
 5.5 Case study
 5.5.1 Raw data format (. CSV file)
 5.5.2 Importing data in R
 5.5.3 Deriving sampling effort, events and species' list
 5.5.4 Naïve occupancy
 5.5.5 Species accumulation
 5.5.6 Activity pattern
 5.5.7 Presentation and interpretation of results
 5.6 Conclusions
 6. Species-level occupancy analysis
 6.1 Introduction
 6.2 Theoretical framework and modelling approach
 6.2.1 Basic single-season model
 6.2.2 Covariate modeling and assessing model fit
 6.2.3 Multi-season occupancy models
 6.3 Sampling design. 6.4 Survey effort and sampling completeness6.4.1 Deciding the best number of sites and sampling duration
 6.4.2 Post-hoc discretisation of sampling duration in sampling occasions
 6.5 Case study
 6.5.1 Single-season occupancy analysis
 6.5.2 Multi-season occupancy analysis
 6.6 Conclusions
 7. Capture-recapture methods for density estimation
 7.1 Introduction
 7.2 Equipment and field practices
 7.2.1 Camera traps
 7.2.2 Focal species and other members of its guild
 7.2.3 Camera trap sites and camera trap placement
 7.3 Survey design
 7.3.1 Season, survey duration and demographic closure.