Cambridge International AS & A Level Biology Coursebook

Cover
Title Page
Copyright
Contents
Introduction
How to use this series
How to use this book
Chapter 1 Cell structure
	1.1 Cells are the basic units of life
	1.2 Cell biology and microscopy
	1.3 Plant and animal cells as seen with a light microscope
	1.4 Measuring size and calculating magnification
	1.5 Electron microscopy
	1.6 Plant and animal cells as seen with an electron microscope
	1.7 Bacteria
	1.8 Comparing prokaryotic cells with eukaryotic cells
	1.9 Viruses
Chapter 2 Biological molecules
	2.1 Biochemistry
	2.2 The building blocksof life
	2.3 Monomers, polymers and macromolecules
	2.4 Carbohydrates
	2.5 Lipids
	2.6 Proteins
	2.7 Water
Chapter 3 Enzymes
	3.1 What is an enzyme?
	3.2 Mode of action of enzymes
	3.3 Investigating the progress of an enzyme-cataly sedreaction
	3.4 Factors that affect enzyme action
	3.5 Comparing enzyme affinities
	3.6 Enzyme inhibitors
	3.7 Immobilising enzymes
Chapter 4 Cell membranesand transport
	4.1 The importance of membranes
	4.2 Structure of membranes
	4.3 Roles of the moleculesf ound in membranes
	4.4 Cell signalling
	4.5 Movement of substances across membranes
Chapter 5 The mitotic cell cycle
	5.1 Growth and reproduction
	5.2 Chromosomes
	5.3 The cell cycle
	5.4 Mitosis
	5.5 The role of telomeres
	5.6 The role of stem cells
	5.7 Cancers
Chapter 6 Nucleic acids and protein synthesis
	6.1 The molecule of life
	6.2 The structure of DNA and RNA
	6.3 DNA replication
	6.4 The genetic code
	6.5 Protein synthesis
	6.6 Gene mutations
Chapter 7 Transport in plants
	7.1 The transport needs of plan
	7.2 Vascular system: xylem and phloem
	7.3 Structure of stems, roots and leaves and thed istribution of xylem and phloem
	7.4 The transport of water
	7.5 Transport of assimilates
Chapter 8 Transport in mammals
	8.1 Transport systems in animals
	8.2 The mammalian circulatory system
	8.3 Blood vessels
	8.4 Tissue fluid
	8.5 Blood
	8.6 The heart
Chapter 9 Gas exchange
	9.1 Gas exchange
	9.2 Lungs
	9.3 Trachea, bronchi and bronchioles
	9.4 Warming and cleaning the air
	9.5 Alveoli
Chapter 10 Infectious disease
	10.1 Infectious diseases
	10.2 Antibiotics
Chapter 11 Immunity
	11.1 Defence against disease
	11.2 Cells of the immune system
	11.3 Active and passive immunity
Chapter P1 Practical skills for AS Level
	P1.1 Practical skills
	P1.2 Experiments
	P1.3 Variables and making measurements
	P1.4 Recording quantitative results
	P1.5 Displaying data
	P1.6 Making conclusions
	P1.7 Describing data
	P1.8 Making calculations from data
	P1.9 Identifying sources of error and suggesting improvements
	P1.10 Drawings
Chapter 12 Energy and respiration
	12.1 The need for energy in living organisms
	12.2 Aerobic respiration
	12.3 Mitochondrial structure and function
	12.4 Respiration without oxygen
	12.5 Respiratory substrates
Chapter 13 Photosynthesis
	13.1 An energy transfer process
	13.2 Structure and function of chloroplasts
	13.3 The light-dependent stage of photosynthesis
	13.4 The light-independent stage of photosynthesis
	13.5 Limiting factors in photosynthesis
Chapter 14 Homeostasis
	14.1 Homeostasis
	14.2 The structure of the kidney
	14.3 Control of water content
	14.4 The control of blood glucose
	14.5 Homeostasis in plants
Chapter 15 Control and coordination
	15.1 Hormonal communication
	15.2 Nervous communication
	15.3 Muscle contraction
	15.4 Control and coordination in plants
Chapter 16 Inheritance
	16.1 Gametes and reproduction
	16.2 The production of genetic variation
	16.3 Genetics
	16.4 Monohybrid inheritance and genetic diagrams
	16.5 Dihybrid inheritance
	16.6 The chi-squared (χ2) test
	16.7 Genes, proteins and phenotype
	16.8 Control of gene expression
Chapter 17 Selection and evolution
	17.1 Variation
	17.2 Natural selection
	17.3 Genetic drift and the founder effect
	17.4 The Hardy–Weinberg principle
	17.5 Artificial selection
	17.6 Evolution
	17.7 Identifying evolutionary relationships
Chapter 18 Classification, biodiversity and conservation
	18.1 Classification
	18.2 Biodiversity
	18.3 Maintaining biodiversity
	18.4 Protecting endangered species
	18.5 Controlling alien species
	18.6 International conservation organisations
Chapter 19 Genetic technology
	19.1 Genetic engineering
	19.2 Tools for the gene technologist
	19.3 Gene editing
	19.4 Separating and amplifying DNA
	19.5 Analysing and storing genetic information
	19.6 Genetic technology and medicine
	19.7 Genetic technology and agriculture
Chapter P2 Practical skills for A Level
	P2.1 Practical skills
	P2.2 Planning an investigation
	P2.3 Constructing a hypothesis
	P2.4 Identifying variables
	P2.5 Describing the sequence of steps
	P2.6 Risk assessment
	P2.7 Recording and displaying results
	P2.8 Analysis, conclusions and evaluation
	P2.9 Evaluating evidence
	P2.10 Conclusions and discussion
Appendix 1: Amino acid R groups
Appendix 2: DNA and RNA triplet codes
Glossary
Index
Acknowledgements