California Science: Student Edition: Grade 4

Cover......Page 1
Contents......Page 6
Be a Scientist......Page 18
What Is Science?......Page 19
Inquiry Skills......Page 20
Observation......Page 21
Question and Hypothesis......Page 23
Experiment......Page 26
Collecting Data......Page 28
Conclusion......Page 30
Forming a Hypothesis......Page 31
Defining Variables......Page 32
Designing an Experiment......Page 33
Analyzing Data......Page 34
Forming New Questions......Page 35
Life Sciemce......Page 36
CHAPTER 1 Living Things Need Energy......Page 37
The Story Goes On......Page 40
Lesson 1 Plants and Sunlight......Page 41
Explore......Page 42
What are plants?......Page 43
How do plants get energy?......Page 44
Why are plants important?......Page 46
Where do plants grow?......Page 49
Lesson Review......Page 50
Focus on Inquiry Skills......Page 51
Lesson 2 Food Chains......Page 53
Explore......Page 54
What is a food chain?......Page 55
What are herbivores?......Page 57
What are carnivores and omnivores?......Page 59
What are decomposers?......Page 61
What are some examples of food chains?......Page 63
Lesson Review......Page 64
Be a Scientist......Page 65
Lesson 3 Food Webs......Page 67
Explore......Page 68
What is a food web?......Page 69
How can food webs change?......Page 71
How do new organisms change food webs?......Page 73
What is an energy pyramid?......Page 75
Leson Review......Page 76
A Call for Help......Page 77
How Many Monarchs?......Page 78
Lesson 4 Microorganisms......Page 79
Explorer......Page 80
What is a microorganism?......Page 81
Which microorganismsare producers and which are consumers?......Page 83
Which microorganisms are decomposers?......Page 85
How do microorganisms work in our bodies?......Page 87
Lesson Review......Page 88
Meet Susan Perkins......Page 89
CHAPTER 1 Review......Page 91
CHAPTER 2 Living Things and Their Environment......Page 95
Sea of Sand......Page 98
Lesson 1 Ecosystems......Page 99
Explore......Page 100
What is an ecosystem?......Page 101
What is a desert ecosystem?......Page 103
What is a rain-forest ecosytem like?......Page 105
What is a coral reef ecosystem?......Page 107
Lesson Review......Page 108
Focus on Inquiry skills......Page 109
Lesson 2 Living Things Need Each Other......Page 111
Explore......Page 112
How do animals depend on plants?......Page 113
How do some plants depend on animals to reproduce?......Page 115
How do plants depend on animals to carry seeds?......Page 117
Lesson Review......Page 118
The Moth That Needed the Tree......Page 119
Parts of a Whole......Page 120
Lesson 3 Changes in Ecosystems......Page 121
Explore......Page 122
How can ecosystems change?......Page 123
What happens when ecosystems change?......Page 125
How can humans protect ecosystems?......Page 127
Lesson Review......Page 128
Mail Call......Page 129
Lesson 4 Adaptations......Page 131
Explore......Page 132
What is an adaptation?......Page 133
What are some adaptations of desert plants and animals?......Page 134
What are some adaptations of arctic plants and animals?......Page 137
What are some adaptations of living things in the ocean?......Page 139
Lesson Review......Page 140
Be a Scientist......Page 141
CHAPTER 2 Review......Page 143
Sea Otters Key to the Kelp Forest......Page 147
Careers in Science......Page 149
Earth Science......Page 150
CHAPTER 3 Rocks and Minerals......Page 151
Rock Secrets......Page 154
Lesson 1 Minerals: The Building Blocks of Rocks......Page 155
Explore......Page 156
What is a mineral?......Page 157
How are minerals identified?......Page 159
How can hardness be used to identify minerals?......Page 161
What are minerals used for?......Page 163
Lesson Review......Page 164
Focus on Inquiry Skills......Page 165
Lesson 2 Igneous Rocks......Page 167
Explore......Page 168
How are igneous rocks formed?......Page 169
What are the properties of some igneous rocks?......Page 171
What are some uses of igneous rocks?......Page 173
Lesson Review......Page 174
Meet Sisir Mondal......Page 175
Lesson 3 Sedimentary Rocks......Page 177
Explore......Page 178
How are sedimentary rocks formed?......Page 179
What are the properties of some sedimentary rocks?......Page 180
What are some uses of sedimentary rocks?......Page 183
Lesson Review......Page 184
Be a Scientist......Page 185
Lesson 4 Metamorphic Rocks......Page 187
Explore......Page 188
How are metamorphic rocks formed?......Page 189
What are the properties of some metamorphic rocks?......Page 191
What are some uses of metamorphic rock?......Page 193
How can you be a rock detective?......Page 195
What is the rock cycle?......Page 197
Lesson Review......Page 198
Marble Memorials......Page 199
It Is Hard to Be a Rock......Page 200
CHAPTER 3 Review......Page 201
CHAPTER 4 Slow Changes on Earth......Page 205
Sierra......Page 208
Lesson 1 Weathering......Page 209
Explore......Page 210
What is weathering?......Page 211
What are some other causes of weathering?......Page 213
How is soil formed?......Page 215
Lesson Review......Page 216
Focus on Inquiry Skills......Page 217
Lesson 2 Erosion and Deposition......Page 219
Explore......Page 220
What causes erosion?......Page 221
What affects erosion?......Page 223
How can soil erosion be slowed?......Page 225
Lesson Review......Page 226
Be a Scientist......Page 227
Lesson 3 Landforms: Changing Over Time......Page 229
Explore......Page 230
What is a landform?......Page 231
How can running water change land?......Page 233
How can waves change land?......Page 235
How does wind change land?......Page 237
How can ice change land?......Page 239
Lesson Review......Page 240
Land Over Time......Page 241
Disappearing Mountains......Page 242
Looking Back at Yosemite National Park......Page 243
CHAPTER 4 Review......Page 245
CHAPTER 5 Fast Changes on Earth......Page 249
California's Weather Woes......Page 252
Lesson 1 Landslides......Page 253
Explore......Page 254
How do landslides change the land quickly?......Page 255
How do floods change the land quickly?......Page 257
What are some safety tips for landslides and floods?......Page 259
Lesson Review......Page 260
Focus on Inquiry Skills......Page 261
Lesson 2 Earthquakes......Page 263
Explore......Page 264
What are earthquakes?......Page 265
What causes anearthquake?......Page 267
What is a tsunami?......Page 269
What are some safety tips for earthquakes and tsunamis?......Page 271
Lesson Review......Page 272
Be a Scientist......Page 273
Remembering an Earthquake......Page 275
Shake, Rattle, and Roll......Page 276
Lesson 3 Volcanoes......Page 277
Explore......Page 278
What is a volcano?......Page 279
Where do volcanoes form?......Page 281
What are some kinds of volcanoes?......Page 283
How can you be safe around volcanoes?......Page 285
Lesson Review......Page 286
Meet Ro Kinzler......Page 287
CHAPTER 5 Review......Page 289
Lichen: Life on the Rocks......Page 293
Careers in Science......Page 295
Physical Science......Page 296
CHAPTER 6 Electricity......Page 297
BENJAMIN FRANKLIN......Page 300
Lesson 1 Static Electricity......Page 301
Explore......Page 302
What is electrical charge?......Page 303
What is static electricity?......Page 305
What is an electrical discharge?......Page 307
What are conductors and insulators?......Page 309
Lesson Review......Page 310
Focus on Inquiry Skills......Page 311
Lesson 2 Electric Circuits......Page 313
Explore......Page 314
What is electric current?......Page 315
What is a series circuit?......Page 317
What is a parallel circuit?......Page 319
What affects electric current?......Page 321
Lesson Review......Page 322
Be a Scientist......Page 323
Lesson 3 Using Electrical Energy......Page 325
Explore......Page 326
How is electrical energy used?......Page 327
How does electrical energy get to your home?......Page 329
How can homes use electrical energy safely?......Page 331
Lesson Review......Page 332
I’d Like to Make a Toast!......Page 333
Lighten Up......Page 334
HybridPOWER......Page 335
CHAPTER 6 Review......Page 337
CHAPTER 7 Magnetism......Page 341
Cruising on Air......Page 344
Lesson 1 Magnets......Page 345
Explore......Page 346
What is a magnet?......Page 347
How do magnets attract?......Page 349
What is a magnetic field?......Page 351
What is a compass?......Page 353
Lesson Review......Page 354
Focus on Inquiry Skills......Page 355
Lesson 2 Electromagnets......Page 357
Explore......Page 358
What is an electromagnet?......Page 359
How does a loudspeaker work?......Page 361
Lesson Review......Page 364
Be a Scientist......Page 365
Lesson 3 Motors and Generators......Page 367
Explore......Page 368
What is an electric motor?......Page 369
What is a generator?......Page 371
What kinds of electric current are there?......Page 373
Lesson Review......Page 374
Maggie’s Magnet......Page 375
Using Graphs......Page 376
Motors at Work......Page 377
CHAPTER 7 Review......Page 379
Magnetic Migration......Page 383
Careers in Science......Page 385
Reference......Page 386
Measurement......Page 389
Collect Data......Page 397
Use Technology......Page 399
Represent Data......Page 403
Foldables......Page 408
Glossary......Page 412
Index......Page 430