Calibration of Watershed Models

Title Page......Page 1
Copyright......Page 2
Contents......Page 3
Preface......Page 5
HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE......Page 7
INTERACTIVE STRATEGIES FOR PARAMETER ESTIMATION......Page 9
METHODS FOR DEVELOPING A PRIORI PARAMETER ESTIMATES......Page 10
REFLECTIONS ON THE FUTURE OF MODEL CALIBRATION......Page 11
REFERENCES......Page 12
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 14
2. ADVANCES IN AUTOMATIC MODELID ENTIFICATION METHODS......Page 18
3. THE MULTIPLE CRITERIA APPROACH......Page 22
4. LOOKING TOWARDS THE FUTURE......Page 25
5. SUMMARY......Page 27
6. SOME CLOSING COMMENTS AND CONJECTURES......Page 28
APPENDIX......Page 29
REFERENCES......Page 30
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 34
2. IDENTIFICATION OF CONCEPTUAL RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS......Page 36
3. EVALUATION OF CONCEPTUAL RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS......Page 40
4. APPLICATION EXAMPLE......Page 45
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 48
REFERENCES......Page 50
INTRODUCTION......Page 53
UNCERTAINTY IN HYDROLOGICAL MODELLING......Page 54
CALIBRATION: A CRITIQUE OF CURRENT PARADIGMS......Page 55
BAYESIAN ANALYSIS OF DATA UNCERTAINTY......Page 58
GENERALISED LIKELIHOOD UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION GLUE......Page 60
KALMAN FILTERS......Page 61
BAYESIAN TOTAL ERROR ANALYSIS Ba TEA......Page 62
CASE STUDY: THE ABC MODEL......Page 64
CONCLUSIONS......Page 70
REFERENCES......Page 71
INTRODUCTION......Page 73
EQUIFINALITY, MODEL REJECTION, AND GENERALIZED LIKELIHOOD UNCERTAINTY ESTIMATION GLUE - A DISCUSSION......Page 74
THE STUDY SITE......Page 77
METHODS......Page 79
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 81
CONCLUSIONS......Page 87
REFERENCES......Page 89
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 92
2. LOCAL OPTIMIZATION METHODS......Page 93
3. GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION METHODS......Page 94
4. REVIEW OF GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION METHODS......Page 96
5. GLOBAL OPTIMIZATION METHODS COMMONLY USED IN WATERSHED MODEL CALIBRATION......Page 98
REFERENCES......Page 103
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 108
2. GENERAL BACKGROUND AND OUTLINEOF THE SCEM-UA ALGORITHM......Page 109
3. APPLICATION OF THE SCEM-UA ALGORITHM......Page 111
4. CONCLUSIONS......Page 113
REFERENCES......Page 114
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 116
3. BAYESIAN INFERENCE......Page 117
4. BAYESIAN RECURSIVE ESTIMATION BAREALGORITHM......Page 118
5. APPLICATION......Page 119
6. SUMMARY AND DISCUSSION......Page 126
REFERENCES......Page 127
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 128
2. MULTICRITERIA EVALUATION OF HYDROLOGIC MODELS......Page 129
3. MULTICRITERIA OPTIMIZATION......Page 130
4. A SIMPLE MULTICRITERIA MODEL CALIBRATION CASE STUDY......Page 132
5. SUMMARY......Page 133
REFERENCES......Page 134
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 136
2. THE VALUE OF CALIBRATION IN THE NWS......Page 137
4. SOURCES OF DATA FOR MODEL CALIBRATION......Page 138
5. MAJOR STEPS IN THE CALIBRATION PROCESS......Page 139
7. MODEL CALIBRATION AT THE RIVER FORECAST CENTERS......Page 147
8. ILLUSTRATION OF THE CALIBRATION PROCESS......Page 148
1. CAPABILITIES......Page 153
REFERENCES......Page 154
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 156
2. BACKGROUND......Page 157
3. PROPOSED CALIBRATION STRATEGY......Page 158
4. PRELIMINARY APPLICATION OF THE PROPOSED STRATEGY WITH HYDROTEL......Page 159
5. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE WORK......Page 163
REFERENCES......Page 165
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 167
2. DEVELOPMENT OF MACS......Page 168
3. APPLICATION OF MACS......Page 170
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 173
REFERENCES......Page 175
TRANSIENT HYDROLOGIC RESPONSE......Page 177
MODEL CALIBRATION......Page 178
THE STUDY AREA......Page 179
FLOOD SIMULATION: A HYDROLOGIC MODEL......Page 180
RESULTS OF THE HYDRAULIC SIMULATIONS......Page 181
CONTRIBUTIONS TO FLOOD HAZARD' "BEFOREOR AFTER" VS. "WITH OR WITHOUT"......Page 183
SUMMARY AND OTHER IMPORTANT ISSUES......Page 184
REFERENCES......Page 185
1. INTRODUCTION AND BACKGROUND......Page 187
2. MUTICRITERIA PARAMETER ESTIMATION METHODOLOGY......Page 188
3. INCORPORATING SPATIAL INFORMATION......Page 189
4. INCORPORATING VERTICAL INFORMATION......Page 191
5. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 196
REFERENCES......Page 197
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 199
2. MULTIRESOLUTION OPTIMIZATION METHODOLOGY......Page 200
3. CASE STUDY......Page 201
REFERENCES......Page 212
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 214
2. METHODS......Page 215
3. RESULTS......Page 219
4. DISCUSSION......Page 223
REFERENCES......Page 228
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 230
2. MODELS AND DATA......Page 231
3. ESTIMATING LSM PARAMETERS USINGMUL TI-CRITERIA METHODS......Page 232
4. CASE STUDIES......Page 233
5. DISCUSSION......Page 235
REFERENCES......Page 237
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 239
2. SOIL-BASED ESTIMATES OF SAC-SMA MODEL PARAMETERS......Page 240
3. USE OF A PRIORI PARAMETERS FOR ESTIMATING SPATIALLY CONSISTENT PARAMETER SETS FOR HEADWATER BASINS......Page 242
4. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 246
5. SUMMARY AND FUTURE WORK......Page 248
APPENDIX: SOIL BASED RELATIONSHIPS FOR ESTIMATING A PRIORI PARAMETERS OF THE SAC-SMA MODEL......Page 252
REFERENCES......Page 253
INTRODUCTION......Page 255
MODEL......Page 256
TOOLS 
......Page 257
METHODOLOGY 
......Page 259
RESULTS......Page 260
DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 263
REFERENCES......Page 265
INTRODUCTION......Page 267
MODEL DESCRIPTION......Page 269
STUDY AREA AND DATA SOURCE 
......Page 272
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 275
CONCLUSIONS......Page 279
REFERENCES 
......Page 280
HYDROLOGIC MODELING  
......Page 282
DATA QUALITY ASSURANCEQUALITY CONTROL QAQC......Page 283
LAND SURFACE MECHANISMS TO INCLUDEIN MODELS......Page 284
CONTINUOUS HYDROGRAPH SIM ATION MODELS......Page 286
DATA CONSIDERATIONS FOR SPATIAL MODELS......Page 287
POINT RAINFALL MEASUREMENT......Page 291
SPATIAL RAINFALL MEASUREMENT......Page 292
MODEL PARAMETER ESTIMATION SCHEMES......Page 293
TREATMENT OF PARAMETER AND INPUT UNCERTAINTY......Page 295
REFERENCES 
......Page 296
INTRODUCTION......Page 299
MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 301
RESULTS......Page 306
DISCUSSION......Page 310
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 311
REFERENCES......Page 312
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 314
3. CONCEPTUAL RAINFALL-RUNOFF MODELS......Page 315
4. RESEARCH PROCEDURE......Page 316
5. DISCUSSIONS OF RESULTS......Page 318
6. CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 324
REFERENCES......Page 326
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 327
2. MODEL STRUCTURE AND DATA INPUTS......Page 328
3. SENSITIVITY ANALYSIS AND PARAMETER ESTIMATION WITH PEST......Page 333
4. MODEL PREDICTIONS AND PERFORMANCE......Page 337
5. CONCLUSIONS......Page 339
REFERENCES......Page 340