Calcium-binding proteins in health and disease

Front Cover......Page 2
Calcium-Binding Proteinsin Health and Disease......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 18
PART 1: EXTRACELLULAR CALCIUM METABOLISM: CALCIUM HOMEOSTASIS......Page 22
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 24
REFERENCES......Page 32
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 34
II. DISTRIBUTION OF RECEPTORS AND CALBINDINS......Page 35
III. ROLE OF VITAMIN D IN NORMAL INSULIN SECRETION......Page 36
IV. INTESTINAL CALCIUM TRANSPORT......Page 38
VI. VITAMIN D AND THE HEMATOPOIETIC SYSTEM......Page 41
REFERENCES......Page 42
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 44
III. RESULTS......Page 45
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 51
REFERENCES......Page 52
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 54
III. CONCLUSION......Page 55
REFERENCES......Page 56
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 57
II. RECEPTOR-DEPENDENT MOBILIZATION OF CELLULAR Ca2+IN PARATHYROID CELLS......Page 58
REFERENCES......Page 59
PART 2: LOW-AFFINITY CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS......Page 60
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 62
II. GENERAL PROPERTIES OF THE VITAMIN K–DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE......Page 63
III. REACTION MECHANISM OF THE VITAMIN K-DEPENDENT CARBOXYLASE......Page 66
IV. SPECIFICITY OF THE CARB0XYLATI0N EVENT......Page 69
REFERENCES......Page 72
STRUCTURE AND PROPERTIES OF BGP AND MGP......Page 73
TISSUE DISTRIBUTION OF BGP AND MGP......Page 77
CELLULAR BIOSYNTHESIS AND REGULATION OF BGP AND MGP......Page 78
PRESENCE OF BGP AND MGP IN SERUM......Page 79
FUNCTION OF BGP AND MGP......Page 80
REFERENCES......Page 81
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 83
II. AMINO ACID SEQUENCE (24)......Page 84
III. SIZE AND SHAPE......Page 86
V. TERBIUM BINDING......Page 87
VIII. CRYSTALLIZATION......Page 89
REFERENCES......Page 91
PART 3: CALCIUM AND MEMBRANES,CHANNELS AND/OR TRANSPORT (PUMPS)......Page 94
CHAPTER 9. SINGLE–FILE POSITIONING OF TWO CALCIUM  IONS IN THE TRANSPORT CHANNEL OF A CALCIUM PUMP1......Page 96
REFERENCES......Page 98
INTRODUCTION......Page 99
ACTIVATION OF THE PURIFIED ERYTHROCYTE CA2+ ATPASE BY ACIDIC PHOSPHOLIPIDS AND BY TRYPSIN......Page 100
ACTIVATION OF THE PURIFIED ERYTHROCYTE CA2+ ATPASE BY CHYMOTRYPSIN. EFFECT OF CHYMOTRYPSIN ON THE CALMODULIN ACTIVATION AND ON THE CALMODULIN BINDING DOMAIN OF THE ENZYME......Page 106
EFFECT OF CALPAIN ON THE ACTIVITY OF THE PURIFIED ATPASE AND ON ITS STIMULATION BY CALMODULIN......Page 108
CONCLUSIONS......Page 110
REFERENCES......Page 111
CHAPTER 11. THE STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLAMBAN AND ITS ROLE IN ACTIVATING CALCIUM TRANSPORT IN THE SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM......Page 113
REFERENCES......Page 115
CHAPTER 12. THE VITAMIN D-DEPENDENT CA–BINDINGP ROTEINS ASSURE ACTIVE CA TRANSPORT IN INTESTINE AND KIDNEY......Page 116
REFERENCES......Page 118
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 119
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 120
REFERENCES......Page 121
CHAPTER 14. FUNCTIONAL ANALYSIS OF THE INTRACELLULAR CA2+–REGULATING SYSTEM......Page 122
CHAPTER 15. A NOVEL CALMODULIN DERIVATIVE : STUDIESWITH CARDIAC SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM1......Page 125
REFERENCES......Page 127
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 128
III. ELUCIDATING CHANNEL STRUCTURE WITH [3H]RYANODINE......Page 129
REFERENCES......Page 130
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 131
Ill RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 132
REFERENCES......Page 133
CHAPTER 18. MODIFICATION OF HISTIDINE UNCOUPLES COOPERATIVITY OF CALCIUM BINDING TO THE CA* MG*ATPase OF SARCOPLASMIC RETICULUM......Page 134
REFERENCES......Page 136
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 137
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 138
REFERENCES......Page 139
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 140
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 141
REFERENCES......Page 142
II. METHODS......Page 143
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 144
REFERENCES......Page 145
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 146
III. RESULTS......Page 147
REFERENCES......Page 148
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 149
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 150
REFERENCES......Page 151
PART 4: CALCIUM: ROLE IN COMPLEX METABOLIC PROCESSES(INTRACELLULAR CA2+ RECOGNITION)......Page 152
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 154
II. PHOSPHORYLATION OF CALMODULIN BY THE SOLUBILIZED ADIPOCYTE INSULIN RECEPTOR......Page 155
III. PHOSPHORYLATION OF CALMODULIN IN INTACT ADIPOCYTES......Page 156
REFERENCES......Page 157
I. CALCIUM – A MAJOR INTRACELLULAR SIGNAL......Page 158
II. MECHANISMS BY WHICH CELL CALCIUM IS CONTROLLED......Page 159
IV. INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE --THE CELLULAR MESSENGER OFCALCIUM RELEASE......Page 161
V. DIACYLGLYCEROL - THE CELLULAR MESSENGER FOR PROLONGED RESPONSES......Page 163
VI. INTERACTIONS BETWEEN THE INOSITOL TRISPHOSPHATE /CALCIUMAND DIACYLGLYCEROL SIGNALLING SYSTEMS......Page 164
VII. SUMMARY......Page 165
REFERENCES......Page 166
CHAPTER 26. CALCIMEDINS: NOVEL CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS......Page 167
REFERENCES......Page 169
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 170
II. WELL–RECOGNISED CALCIUM SITES......Page 171
III. FURTHER AND NEW BINDING SITES......Page 172
IV. CONCLUSION......Page 177
REFERENCES......Page 178
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 179
II. DESCRIPTION OF THE MODEL......Page 181
III. COMPARISON WITH EXPERIMENT......Page 184
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 188
REFERENCES......Page 189
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 191
II. MOLECULAR ASPECTS OF INHIBITORY ACTION......Page 193
III. CELLULAR PHYSIOLOGY OF MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN PHOSPHORYLATION......Page 197
IV. SUMMARY......Page 198
REFERENCES......Page 199
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 201
II. METHODS......Page 202
III. RESULTS......Page 203
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 207
REFERENCES......Page 211
CHAPTER 31. CALCIUM–DEPENDENT HYDROPHOBIC INTERACTION CHROMATOGRAPHY:ISOLATION OF SEVERAL BOVINE BRAIN CALCIUM–BINDINGPROTEINS1......Page 213
REFERENCES......Page 214
CHAPTER 32. REGULATION OF CALCIUM –DEPENDENT PROTEASE ACTIVITY IN VITRO......Page 216
REFERENCES......Page 218
CHAPTER 33. Ca2+ REGULATION OF THYROID NADPH–DEPENDENT H202 GENERATION THROUGH THE RELEASEOF AN INHIBITOR PROTEIN......Page 219
REFERENCES......Page 221
CHAPTER 34. STIMULATION OF GLUCOSE TRANSPORT BY INSULIN, VANADATE,CONCANAVALIN A, HYDROGEN PEROXIDE, AND PHORBOL ESTEROCCUR BY A CALCIUM–DEPENDENT MECHANISM......Page 222
REFERENCES......Page 224
PART 5: GENE STRUCTURE OF CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS AND THEIR EXPRESSION......Page 226
INTRODUCTION......Page 228
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 236
REFERENCES......Page 237
CHAPTER 36. CALBINDIN GENE STRUCTURE AND EXPRESSION IN TISSUES AND CELLS: IMPLICATIONS FOR VITAMIN D ACTION IN RAT GH3 CELLS......Page 238
REFERENCES......Page 246
II. RESULTS......Page 248
REFERENCES......Page 250
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 251
II. MOLECULAR CLONING OF MLCK CDNA......Page 253
III. CALMODULIN BINDING TO SYNTHETIC PEPTIDES FROM MLCK......Page 257
IV. MLCK mRNA SHARES A COMMON REGION WITH ANOTHER mRNA......Page 258
V. HORMONAL REGULATION OF MLCK mRNA......Page 259
VI. MOLECULAR BASIS OF THE SIMILARITY BETWEEN THE 5.5 AND 2.7 kb mRNAs......Page 260
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 261
REFERENCES......Page 262
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 264
II. STRUCTURE OF THE SPEC GENES......Page 265
III. EXPRESSION OF EXOGENOUS GENES USING SPEC1 UPSTREAM SEQUENCES......Page 267
REFERENCES......Page 270
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 272
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 273
REFERENCES......Page 274
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 275
II. AMINO ACID SEQUENCE OF NATIVE AEQUORIN......Page 277
IV. MULTIPLE AEQUORIN ISOTYPES IN A SINGLE AEQUOREA......Page 279
V. MATURE FORM OF AEQUORIN IN AEQUOREA......Page 281
VI. EXPRESSION OF APOAEQUORIN cDNA IN E. COLI......Page 283
REFERENCES......Page 284
II. RESULTS AND DISSCUSSION......Page 285
REFERENCES......Page 287
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 288
II. MUTAGENESIS USING THE CAM PSEUDOGENE......Page 289
II. SITE-DIRECTED MUTAGENESIS......Page 293
III. CONCLUSIONS......Page 294
REFERENCES......Page 295
IMTRODUCTION......Page 297
MATERIAL AND METHODS......Page 298
RESULTS......Page 299
REFERENCES......Page 304
CHAPTER 45. A NOVEL CALBTNDIN–RELATED GENEWITH LOCALIZED EXPRESSIONIN CHICK RETINA AND BRAIN......Page 306
REFERENCES......Page 307
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 308
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 309
REFERENCES......Page 310
CHAPTER 47. THE NUCLEIC ACIDS FOR ONCOMODULIN......Page 311
REFERENCES......Page 313
CHAPTER 48. CELL-FREE TRANSLATION OF RAT SKIN CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN MESSENGER RNA......Page 314
REFERENCES......Page 316
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 318
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 319
REFERENCES......Page 320
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 321
DISCUSSION......Page 322
REFERENCES......Page 323
PART 6: PHYSICAL STUDIES ON CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS (X-RAY CRYSTALLOGRAPHY, NMR, ETC.)......Page 324
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 326
III. CONFORMATION OF THE MOLECULE......Page 327
REFERENCES......Page 332
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 333
II. TNC CRYSTAL STRUCTURE......Page 334
IV. CALCIUM BINDING LOOPS......Page 336
V. THE LONG HELIX......Page 339
VI. THE Ca2+ INDUCED CONFORMATIONAL TRANSITION......Page 340
REFERENCES......Page 342
II. ADVANTAGES OF EF–HANDS......Page 344
III. VARIATION OF EF–HANDS......Page 347
III. VARIATION OF EF–HANDS......Page 348
V. EF–HANDS IN MEMBRANES?......Page 350
REFERENCES......Page 353
CHAPTER 54. H NMR STUDIES OF CALMODULIN–PEPTIDE INTERACTIONS......Page 354
RESULTS......Page 356
DISCUSSION......Page 362
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 366
REFERENCES......Page 367
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 369
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 370
III. RESULTS......Page 372
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 376
REFERENCES......Page 379
ACKNOWLEDGEMEN......Page 381
II. TECHNICAL CONSIDERATIONS......Page 382
III. MULTIPLE CONFORMATIONS OF MEL BOUND TO 2H–CAM......Page 385
IV. ORIENTATION OF MELITTIN BOUND TO CALMODULIN......Page 388
V. SUMMARY......Page 391
REFERENCES......Page 392
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 393
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 395
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 396
REFERENCES......Page 403
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 406
II, DISCUSSION' OF STRUCTURE......Page 407
REFERENCES......Page 408
CHAPTER 60. STUDIES ON THE BINDING OF SYNEXIN TO PHOSPHOLIPID VESICLES1......Page 409
REFERENCES......Page 411
CHAPTER 61. COMPARATIVE METAL ION BINDING PROPERTIES OF THE α-SUBUNIT OF S-lOOa AND THE PARENT MOLECULE USING FLUORESCENCE SPECTROSCOPY......Page 412
REFERENCES......Page 414
CHAPTER 62. METAL ION BINDING PROPERTIES OF NITRATED S-100b PROTEIN......Page 415
REFERENCES......Page 417
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 418
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 419
REFERENCES......Page 420
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 421
REFERENCE S......Page 423
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 424
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 425
REFERENCES......Page 426
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 427
REFERENCES......Page 429
EXPERIMENTAL......Page 430
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 431
REFERENCES......Page 432
II. RESULTS......Page 433
REFERENCES......Page 435
I . INTRODUCTION......Page 436
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 437
REFERENCES......Page 438
II. RESULTS......Page 439
REFERENCES......Page 441
II. RESULTS......Page 442
REFERENCES......Page 444
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 445
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 446
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 448
REFERENCES......Page 450
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 451
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 452
REFERENCES......Page 453
CHAPTER 75. COMPARATIVE MOLECULAR MODELLING OF THE Ca+ + SENSITIVE REGULATORY PROTEIN CALMODULIN BASED ON TURKEY SKELETAL TNC1......Page 454
REFERENCES......Page 457
II. METHODS......Page 458
III. RESULTS......Page 459
REFERENCES......Page 460
I . INTRODUCTION......Page 461
II. RESULTS......Page 462
REFERENCES......Page 463
CHAPTER 78. LOCAL SITE STRUCTURE AND AFFINITY IN CALCIUM–BINDING PROTEINS: A XANES AND EXAFS STUOV......Page 464
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 465
REFERENCES......Page 466
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 467
REFERENCES......Page 469
I . INTRODUCTION......Page 470
II. THE EFFECT OF MYOTOXIN a ON SR MEMBRANE CRYSTALS......Page 471
REFERENCES......Page 472
PART 7: STRUCTURE–FUNCTION RELATIONSHIPS OF CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEIN SAND THEIR TARGETS
......Page 474
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 476
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS......Page 477
REFERENCES......Page 478
CHAPTER 82. STRUCTURE AND EVOLUTION OF CALBINDIN D28......Page 479
REFERENCES......Page 488
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 490
II. MATERIALS AND METHODS......Page 491
III. RESULTS......Page 492
IV. DISCUSSION......Page 496
REFERENCES......Page 497
II. METHODS......Page 499
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 500
REFERENCES......Page 501
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 502
II. PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 503
REFERENCES......Page 510
CHAPTER 86. CALMODULIN AS A SUBSTRATE AND ACTIVATOR OF PROTEIN METHYLATIO......Page 512
REFERENCES......Page 514
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 515
II. CATALYTIC PROPERTIES......Page 516
III. PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES......Page 517
IV. DOMAIN STRUCTURE......Page 518
V. AMINO ACID SEQUENCE......Page 520
VI. ACTIVATION BY CALCIUM AND CALMODULIN......Page 521
VII. SUMMARY......Page 523
REFERENCES......Page 524
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 526
II. ACC AND ACAP MONOCLONAL ANTIBODIES......Page 528
III. A CONSERVED DOMAIN AMONG THE 61K CAM–PDE AND OTHER PDE ISOZYMES......Page 529
IV. SEQUENCE COMPARISON OF THE 61K and 5 9K CAM–PDEs......Page 531
V. LIMITED PROTEOLYSIS OF 61K CAM–PDE......Page 533
VI. SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 535
REFERENCES......Page 537
INTRODUCTION......Page 539
I. TRANSCRIPTION OF MYOSIN HEAVY CHAIN GENES IS REGULATED BY A MINIMUM OF TWO DISTINCT CIS-ACTING ELEMENTS THATINTERACT WITH DEVELOPMENTAL-AND TISSUE-SPECIFIC TRANS-ACTING FACTORS......Page 540
II. THE POWER OF ALTERNATIVE SPLICING TO GENERATE CONTRACTILE PROTEIN DIVERSITY COVERS A BROAD RANGE......Page 542
III. USE OF MINI GENE CONSTRUCTS TO DETERMINE THE RELATIVEROLE OF CIS-AND TRANS-ACTING ELEMENTS IN ALTERNATIVE SPLICING......Page 549
REFERENCES......Page 551
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 554
II. ANALYSIS OF CALMODULIN BINDING DOMAINS: MYOSIN LIGHT CHAIN KINASE AND AMPHIPHILIC HELICES......Page 556
III. SITE-SPECIFIC MUTAGENESIS AND PROTEIN ENGINEERING OF CALMODULIN: CHARGE CLUSTERS AND HELICES......Page 557
IV. BIOCHEMICAL CHARACTERIZATION OF AN ENGINEERED CALMODULIN: EFFECTS OF ALTERING CENTRAL HELIX CHARGE CLUSTERS......Page 559
V. CONCLUSIONS CONCERNING. CALMODULIN ELECTROSTATICS AND ENZYME ACTIVATION......Page 562
REFERENCES......Page 563
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 565
II. METHODS......Page 566
III. RESULTS......Page 567
IV DISCUSSION......Page 574
REFERENCES......Page 575
CALCIUM BINDING TO SL100B (ββ)......Page 576
THE INTERACTIONS OF S100B WITH PURIFIED TAU PROTEINS......Page 577
REFERENCES......Page 578
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 579
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 580
REFERENCES......Page 581
CHAPTER 94. A NEW Ca2+– VECTOR PROTEIN IN AMPHIOXUS MUSCLE: GENERAL CHARACTERIZATION AND PRIMARY STRUCTURE......Page 582
REFERENCES......Page 584
CHAPTER 95. SMALL CALCIUM–BINDING PROTEINS AND 1,25-DIHYDROXYVITAMIN D RECEPTOR DISTRIBUTION1......Page 585
REFERENCES......Page 587
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 588
2. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 589
REFERENCES......Page 590
CHAPTER 97. ANALYSIS OF T ROPONIN . ISOFORMS......Page 591
REFERENCES......Page 593
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 594
REFERENCES......Page 596
CHAPTER 99. COMPARISON OF THE METAL ION BINDING SITES IN RAT ONCOMODULIN AND PARVALBUMIN......Page 597
REFERENCES......Page 599
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 600
REFERENCES......Page 602
CHAPTER 101. LOCALIZATION OF S100 ALPHA IN MAMALIAN KIDNEY......Page 603
REFERENCES......Page 605
CHAPTER 102. CALCIUM–DEPENDENT FUNCTIONAL HYDROPHOBIC REGIONS OF CALCIUM–MODULATED PROTEINS......Page 606
REFERENCES......Page 608
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 609
REFERENCES......Page 611
PART 8: CALCIUM-BINDING PROTEINS IN HEALTH AND DISEASE......Page 612
I. ONCOMODULIN IN HEALTH......Page 614
II. ONCOMODULIN IN DISEASE......Page 615
REFERENCES......Page 616
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 617
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 618
REFERENCES......Page 619
CHAPTER 106. 67k CALCIMEDIN: DOES IT FUNCTION IN THE MACROPHAGE INFLAMMATORY RESPONSE......Page 620
REFERENCES......Page 622
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 623
III.RESULTS......Page 624
REFERENCES......Page 626
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 627
III. PROMOTION OF MEMBRANE CONTACT AND FUSION BY THE CHROMOBINDINS......Page 628
REFERENCES......Page 629
INTRODUCTION......Page 630
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 631
REFERENCES......Page 632
METHODS......Page 633
RESULTS & DISCUSSION......Page 634
REFERENCES......Page 635
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 636
II. RESULTS......Page 637
REFERENCES......Page 638
I. INTRODUCTION......Page 639
II. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION......Page 640
REFERENCES......Page 641
Author Index......Page 642
Subject Index......Page 646