Business Politics and the State in Twentieth-Century Latin America

Cover......Page 1
Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Contents......Page 9
List of Tables......Page 12
List of Abbreviations......Page 13
Acknowledgments......Page 23
PART I INTRODUCTION AND ARGUMENTS......Page 27
Variations in Business Organization......Page 29
Explaining Collective Action by Business......Page 35
Unpacking Civil Society, Democracy, and State Capacity......Page 39
The Plan and Methods......Page 41
Olson’s Uneven Legacy......Page 46
The Undertheorized State......Page 48
Why State Actors Organize Business......Page 52
How State Actors Organize Business......Page 57
Labor Unions, Property Rights, and Defensive Encompassing Organization......Page 62
Geographic Factors: Country Size and Regional Concentration......Page 65
Corporate Factors: Concentration, MNCs, and Conglomeration (or Why Sectoral Analysis Is So Problematic)......Page 69
Macropolitical Factors: Development Strategies, Regime Type, and Party Systems......Page 77
Conclusion......Page 80
PART II CASES AND COMPARISONS......Page 83
Introduction......Page 85
The Construction of State Corporatism......Page 86
Some Early Autonomous Associations......Page 92
The Developmental State Reinforced Corporatism and Personal Networks......Page 95
Exclusion, Threats, and Independent Encompassing Organization......Page 99
CMHN: An Executive Committee of the Bourgeoisie......Page 102
The Consolidation of an Encompassing Peak Association......Page 107
The Twilight of State Corporatism......Page 114
Summary and Conclusions......Page 117
Introduction......Page 119
Strong Industry Associations Emerged under Vargas......Page 123
Collective Action against Goulart: Effective but Ephemeral......Page 131
Distortions and Fragmentation in Business Representation under Military Rule......Page 134
Active but Not Organized: Business Opposition to Military Rule in the 1970s......Page 138
New Voluntary Encompassing Associations†......Page 140
Circumventing Corporatism through Mass Mobilization and Internal Reform......Page 146
Conclusions and Comparisons......Page 150
Introduction......Page 154
Federacafe: State Actors Dissolved Obstacles to Collective Action in the 1920s......Page 157
ANDI Developed Institutional Capacity and Encompassing Representation......Page 165
Economy-Wide Coordination and the Creation of the Consejo Gremial......Page 171
Political Portfolios: Parties, Circulation, and Associations......Page 174
Conclusions......Page 176
Introduction......Page 178
From Depression to Consultative ISI......Page 180
Government Reformism Strengthened Encompassing Associations, 1964–1973......Page 188
From Demobilization to Remobilization under Military Dictatorship, 1973–1989......Page 190
Democratization and Business Politics in the 1990s......Page 193
Conclusions......Page 196
Introduction......Page 199
Agriculture and Industry Developed Strong Associations before Perón......Page 201
Perón Politicized Business Representation, 1946–1983......Page 203
Other Encompassing Associations and Patterns of Elite Circulation......Page 209
Redemocratization and Continued Weakness in Business Organization, 1983–2000......Page 216
Conclusions on the Argentine Case......Page 220
Broader Comparisons......Page 223
Institutional Formation and Change......Page 230
PART III IMPLICATIONS AND CONCLUSIONS......Page 233
The Discrete Charms of the Organized Bourgeoisie......Page 235
Concerted Macroeconomic Coordination......Page 238
Coordinated Policy Reform......Page 242
Trade Negotiations and Regional Integration......Page 247
Further Issues in Sectoral Governance......Page 256
Theoretical Implications: Individuals and Organizations in the Microeconomics of Collective Action......Page 260
Business Associations and Democracy: A Checkered Past......Page 267
Representation and Interest Intermediation......Page 270
Contestation, Accountability, and Transparency......Page 272
Governability and Unburdening......Page 276
Disaggregating Civil Societies and Their Effects......Page 279
States, Civil Society, and Dilemmas of Democracy......Page 283
Argentina......Page 289
State-Chartered Associations......Page 292
Independent Sector Associations......Page 293
Chile......Page 294
Colombia......Page 295
State-Chartered Associations......Page 297
Independent Financial Associations......Page 298
Other Voluntary Associations......Page 299
Business......Page 301
Government......Page 302
Government......Page 303
Business......Page 304
Other......Page 305
Currencies......Page 306
References......Page 307
Index......Page 331