Business Modeling and Software Design: 11th International Symposium, BMSD 2021, Sofia, Bulgaria, July 5–7, 2021, Proceedings (Lecture Notes in Business Information Processing, 422)

Preface
Organization
Abstracts of Keynote Lectures
The Socio-Technical Factory of the Future: How AI and Human Can Work Together
Resilient Enterprise Information Systems
Contents
Full Papers
Extending Business Model Development Tools with Consolidated Expert Knowledge
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Business Model Development
		2.2 Feature Models
	3 Solution Concept
		3.1 Modeling of Expert Knowledge
		3.2 Knowledge Consolidation and Conflict Detection
		3.3 Integrating Expert Knowledge into BMDTs
	4 Technical Implementation
		4.1 Modeling of Expert Knowledge
		4.2 Knowledge Consolidation and Conflict Detection
		4.3 Integrating Expert Knowledge into BMDTs
	5 Application to Local Event Platform
		5.1 Instantiation
		5.2 Discussion
	6 Related Work
	7 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Disruption and Images of Organisation
	1 Introduction
	2 Demarcation
	3 Theories
		3.1 Semiotics
		3.2 Theory of the Firm
		3.3 Information, Signs, Information Systems
	4 Metaphors: Organisation as Machine or as Organism?
		4.1 Gareth Morgan: Images of Organisation
		4.2 Machines
		4.3 Organisms
		4.4 Efficient and Final Causation
		4.5 Efficient and Final Causation in the Application of Rules
		4.6 Cybernetics
		4.7 Machine Metaphor or Organism Metaphor?
	5 Examples of Disturbing Events
		5.1 Examples from Business Processes
		5.2 Examples from IT Support
	6 How to Prevent Disruption in Business Processes
		6.1 Rosenhead’s Robustness Analysis and Its Application to Business Modelling and Software Design
		6.2 “Thick” Information Systems
		6.3 Autonomy of Registration
		6.4 Business Modelling and Information System Design
	7 Conclusion
	References
VR-UML: The Unified Modeling Language in Virtual Reality – An Immersive Modeling Experience
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Solution Concept
	4 Realization
	5 Evaluation
		5.1 Quantitative Analysis
		5.2 Qualitative Analysis
		5.3 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
	References
A Reference Architecture for Enhanced Design of Software Ecosystems
	1 Introduction
	2 Design Steps
	3 A Reference Architecture for Software Ecosystems
	4 ArchiMate Extended with Ecosystem-Specific Concepts
		4.1 Mapping ArchiMate to Domain of Software Ecosystem
		4.2 Identifying Missing Concepts for Designing Software Ecosystems
		4.3 Extending ArchiMate
	5 Case Study: F-Droid
	6 Related Work
	7 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Managing Knowledge of Intelligent Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Foundation and Underlying Concepts
		2.1 Chatbots and Artificial Intelligent-Based Systems
		2.2 Modeling Knowledge
	3 Objectives and Methodology
		3.1 Objectives
		3.2 Morphological Analysis
	4 Design
		4.1 Design of a Morphologic Box
		4.2 Design of a DSL
		4.3 Design of a Visualization Concept
	5 Case Study - The Chatbot as AIS
		5.1 Identification of an Ideal Chatbot Foundation
		5.2 Controlling the Chatbot\'s Knowledge
	6 Evaluation
	7 Conclusion
	References
From Elementary User Wishes and Domain Models to SQL-Specifications
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Our Development Path
	3 From Simple Domain Models to Conceptual Data Model
	4 From Conceptual Data Model to SQL-Database
	5 From Elementary User Wish to SSD
	6 From Textual SSD to SQL-Procedures
	7 Contributions
	References
Towards Well-Founded and Richer Context-Awareness Conceptual Models
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
		2.1 Historical Perspective
		2.2 The Technological Bias
	3 Conceptual Framework
		3.1 Context-Awareness
		3.2 Context-Aware System
		3.3 Measuring the Context
		3.4 Context Situations
		3.5 Validity Threats
	4 Exemplification
		4.1 Tele-Monitoring
		4.2 Smart Lighting
		4.3 Mission in the Sky
	5 Conclusions
	References
On Context Frames and Their Implementations
	1 Introduction
	2 Methodology
	3 The Design of a Context Frame
		3.1 The Knowledge and Beliefs Container
		3.2 Logical Translation and Models
		3.3 The Evaluation and Learning Container
		3.4 The Data Container
	4 Evaluation of a Context Frame
		4.1 The Proof of Concept
		4.2 The Uncertainty Proxy
	5 Analysis and Discussion
		5.1 The Conceptual View of a Context Frame
		5.2 The Proof of Concept Implementation
		5.3 Lessons Learned
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
Benefits and Challenges in Information Security Certification – A Systematic Literature Review
	1 Introduction
	2 Research Method
		2.1 Finding Keywords and Forming Search Strings
		2.2 Reference Studies
		2.3 Inclusion and Exclusion Criteria
		2.4 Conducting the Review
	3 Results
		3.1 Benefits of Information Security Certification (RQ1)
		3.2 Issues and Challenges (RQ2)
		3.3 Success Factors (RQ3)
	4 Discussion
	5 Limitations
	6 Conclusions and Implications
	Appendix
	References
Privacy as a Service (PraaS): A Conceptual Model of GDPR to Construct Privacy Services
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work: Conceptual Models of Privacy Laws Before and After GDPR
	3 Content Coding of the GDPR Articles in the Search of a Conceptual Model for Privacy Services
	4 The GDPR Based Conceptual Model for Privacy Services
	5 Illustration of the Usage of Our Conceptual Model for Privacy Services
		5.1 Goals and Requirements of the Services: ``Obtaining Consent\'\' and ``Erasing Data\'\'
		5.2 Protocol Model for Privacy Services: ``Obtaining Consent\'\' and ``Erasing Data\'\'
	6 Discussion of the Proposed Conceptual Model for Privacy Services
	7 Conclusion
	A Appendix. Coding of the GDPR articles
	B Appendix. Protocol Model of the Services Obtain Consent and Erase Data
	References
Privacy Enabled Software Architecture
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Analysis of the Requirements
	4 Privacy Architectural Approaches
	5 Data Privacy-Enabled Architecture
	6 Case Study
	7 Conclusion
	References
Modeling the Handling of Knowledge for Industry 4.0
	1 New Requirements by Industry 4.0
		1.1 A Stronger Demand for Qualification
		1.2 Considering Knowledge of Machines
		1.3 Operationalize Knowledge
	2 Modeling of Knowledge-Intensive Processes with KMDL
		2.1 Knowledge in KMDL 2
		2.2 The Further Development to KMDL 3
		2.3 The Process Perspective of KMDL
		2.4 The Knowledge Perspective of KMDL
	3 Use for Industry 4.0
		3.1 Derivation of Qualification Needs
		3.2 Operationalization of Knowledge
		3.3 Personal Knowledge and Machine Knowledge
	4 Summary and Outlook
	References
Quantification of Knowledge Transfers
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Foundation
	3 Objectives of a Solution
	4 Design
		4.1 Activity Views on the Experiment
		4.2 Process Views on the Experiment
	5 Demonstration
	6 Evaluation
	7 Conclusion
	A  Activity Views of the Experiment
	B  Process Views of the Experiment
	References
Digital Transformation of Business Process Governance
	1 The Impact of Digital Transformation on Process Governance
	2 Opportunities for Digital Transformation of Process Governance
		2.1 Definition of Process Governance
		2.2 Key Components of Process Governance
		2.3 Enhancement Opportunities for Process Governance Through Digitalization
	3 Digital Process Governance
		3.1 Digital Enablers for Process Governance
		3.2 Simplified Organization for Process Governance
		3.3 Improved Processes for Process Governance
	4 Practice Experience
	5 Future Developments in Digitalization of Process Governance
	References
Short Papers
Revisiting Human Relativism – Guidelines for Precision in Information Systems Modelling
	1 Introduction
	2 Ontology and ontology (ies)
		2.1 Human Relativism
		2.2 Enterprise Ontology
		2.3 The BWW Ontology
		2.4 Formal Ontologies in Information Systems
	3 Ontology and Language
		3.1 Semiotics
		3.2 Enterprise Ontology and Semiotics
		3.3 Human Relativism and Semiotics
	4 Precision and Its Role in Information Systems
		4.1 Precision and Human Relativism
		4.2 Analysing Ontologies
		4.3 Precision in NOMIS
		4.4 Towards Precision in Information Systems
	5 Conclusions
	References
Digital Transformation: Current Challenges and Future Perspectives
	1 Introduction
	2 Background
	3 Claims and Recommendations
		3.1 Problem Statement
		3.2 Recommendations
	4 Examples
		4.1 The Education Perspective
		4.2 The Healthcare Perspective
		4.3 The Finance-Banking Perspective
	5 Discussion and Conclusion
	References
Conceptual Model of the Ecosystem Value Balance
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
		2.1 Ecosystem
		2.2 Value
	3 Research Method
	4 Proposed Framework
		4.1 Case Example
	5 Discussion and Conclusions
	References
Enterprise Architecture and Agility: A Systematic Mapping Study
	1 Introduction
	2 Systematic Mapping Study Design
		2.1 Searching and Screening
		2.2 Categorizing Scheme
		2.3 Data Analysis
	3 Mapping Study Results
		3.1 Agile EA (RQ1: What has been Studied to Make EA Agile?)
		3.2 EA for Agility (RQ2: What has been Studied to Leverage EA to Help Organizations be Agile?)
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
View and Viewpoint Reconstruction for Assisting the Preparation of Participatory Modeling Sessions
	1 Introduction
	2 View-Based Navigation in Participatory Modeling
		2.1 Problem Statement
	3 Proposed Approach
		3.1 Viewpoint Analysis
	4 Illustration
		4.1 View Reconstruction
		4.2 Viewpoint Analysis
	5 Results
		5.1 Discussion
	6 Conclusion
		6.1 Related Work
	References
What to Do When Requirements Are Changing All the Time?
	1 Introduction
	2 Preliminaries
	3 Initial Description of the Running Development Case
	4 Subsequent Extensions, Variants, and Alternative Options
		4.1 No Unnecessary Commands
		4.2 Constants Should Become ‘Adjustable’
		4.3 Which Data Does the Controller Need?
		4.4 External Data Store
		4.5 Simple Sensors Cannot Provide a Timestamp
		4.6 Synchronous Feedback from a Controlled System
		4.7 Asynchronous Feedback from a Controlled System
		4.8 Scheduled or Even Dynamic Threshold Changes
	5 Interactions Overview: Our Controller and Its Environment
	6 Contribution
	Appendix: The Resulting Textual SSDs
	References
Value-Based Fuzzy Approach for Non-functional Requirements Prioritization
	1 Introduction
	2 Background and Related Work
	3 Research Methodology
	4 Our Proposed Approach
	5 Our First Evaluation
	6 Discussion
	7 Limitations
	8 Conclusions
	References
Towards Augmented Enterprise Models as Low-Code Interfaces to Digital Systems
	1 Motivation
	2 Characteristics of Low-Code Software Development
	3 Augmented Enterprise Models as Low-Code Digital Interfaces
		3.1 Example: Reasoning with Semantic Technologies
		3.2 Example: Integrating Data Analytics
		3.3 Example: Attestation Using Blockchains
	4 Requirements for Augmenting Enterprise Modeling
	5 Conclusion and Outlook
	References
Bridging the Gap Between Structural and Behavioral Models in a Software-Centric Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Problem Statement
	3 Bridging the Gap
		3.1 Reduction of Structural and Behavioral Models
		3.2 Merging of System Architecture
		3.3 Directly Connecting Behavioral Models
	4 Case Study: Smart Home
	5 Related Work
	6 Conclusion and Future Work
	References
A Heuristic Technique for Project Time Analysis in Conditions with High Uncertainty
	1 Introduction
	2 The Proposed Heuristic Technique
	3 Application Example
	4 Conclusion
	References
ChainOps for Smart Contract-Based Distributed Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
		2.1 Smart Contracts, DApps and Oracles
		2.2 Blockchain Ontologies
		2.3 Model-Driven Engineering Distributed Applications
	3 Model-Driven Round-Trip Engineering of Smart-Contract Enabled Distributed Applications
		3.1 Methodological Round-Trip Engineering Framework Leveraging OntoChainOps
	4 Toward Prototype Tool Support for ChainOps
	5 Conclusions and Future Research
	References
A Stakeholders Taxonomy for Opening Government Data Decision-Making
	1 Introduction
	2 Theoretical Background
	3 Case Study Background
	4 A Stakeholder Taxonomy
	5 Illustrating the Use of the Stakeholder Taxonomy
	6 Conclusion
	References
Towards IoT-Based Transport Development in Smart Cities: Safety and Security Aspects
	1 Introduction
	2 Smart Cities Based on the Internet of Things Concept
	3 Problem Elaboration for Air Traffic Management in Urban Conditions
	4 Target Detection in Passive Forward Scattering System Based on the Internet of Things Sensors
	5 Conclusions
	References
Author Index