Business and Human Rights (Elements of International Law)

Cover
Series
Business and Human Rights
Copyright
Contents
List of Abbreviations
1. Development of Business and Human Rights Law
	1. Context
	2. Definitions
	3. History
		a. Background
		b. International Legal Developments
	4. Conclusions
2. International Law and Business
	1. Context
	2. Business and International Law
	3. State Responsibility for Business
	4. Roles of Business in International Law
	5. Business in International Law
		a. International Investment Law
		b. International Humanitarian Law
		c. International Environmental Law
	6. Conclusions
3. International Regulation of Business Concerning Human Rights Issues
	1. Context
	2. The UN Guiding Principles
	3. Influence of the UNGPs on International Regulation
		a. OECD Guidelines
		b. ILO Multinational Enterprises Declaration
		c. IFC Performance Standards and the Equator Principles
	4. Influence on National Regulation
	5. Legal Nature of International Regulation
	6. Conclusions
4. State Obligations Concerning Business and Human Rights
	1. Context
	2. State Responsibility
		a. Attribution by Elements of Government Authority
		b. Attribution by Acting under the Instructions, Direction, or Control
		c. Attribution by Adoption of Actions
		d. Complicity
	3. State Obligations and Human Rights
	4. Actions Beyond a State’s Territory
	5. Domicile of a Business
	6. Other Aspects of State Obligations
		a. Regulation
		b. Policies and Oversight
		c. State-​Owned Entities
	7. Conclusions
5. Corporate Responsibilities and Human Rights Due Diligence
	1. Context
	2. Corporate Responsibility
		a. Definition
		b. Respect
		c. Distinction from State Obligations
	3. Business Enterprises
	4. Human Rights
	5. Human Rights Impacts
	6. Types of Conduct
		a. Cause, Contribute to, and Directly Linked
		b. Leverage
	7. Human Rights Due Diligence
		a. Definition
		b. Application
			i. Human Rights Impact Assessment
			ii. Integration
			iii. Tracking
			iv. Communication
		c. Breadth of HRDD
	8. Conclusions
6. Access to Remedies for Victims
	1. Context
	2. International Legal Obligations on States to Provide Remedies
		a. Right to a Remedy
		b. Transnational/​Extraterritorial
	3. Remedy
		a. Definition
		b. Operational Grievance Mechanisms
	4. Judicial Mechanisms
		a. Types of Judicial Mechanism
		b. Barriers to Judicial Remedies
		c. Case Law
			i. United States of America
			ii. United Kingdom
			iii. Other States
			iv. Criminal Law
		d. Human Rights
	5. State-​Based Non-​Judicial Mechanisms
	6. Business Operational Grievance Mechanisms
	7. Conclusions
7. National Regulation of International Human Rights Responsibilities of Business
	1. Context
	2. Examples of Legislation Prior to the UNGPs
		a. South Africa Broad-​Based Black Empowerment Act 2003
		b. Brazil Decree No. 540/​2004 (‘Dirty List’)
		c. California Transparency in Supply Chains Act 2010
	3. Examples of HRDD Legislation Subsequent to the UNGPs
		a. French Duty of Vigilance Act 2017
		b. The Netherlands Child Labour Due Diligence Act 2019
		c. German Corporate Due Diligence Obligations in Supply Chains Act 2021
		d. Norwegian Transparency Act 2021
		e. EU Draft Corporate Sustainability Due Diligence Directive 2022
	4. Examples of Specific Legislation Relating to Business and Human Rights
	5. Conclusions
8. Future Developments in Business and Human Rights Law
	1. Context
	2. Reviewing Progress
	3. Climate Change
	4. Technology
	5. Business and Human Rights Treaty
		a. Reasons for a Treaty
		b. Process
		c. Issues
	6. Conclusions
9. Conclusions: International Law, Business, and Human Rights
	1. Context
	2. Business and Human Rights as Part of International Law
	3. Business, Human Rights, and International Law
Bibliography
Index