Business Analysis and Design: Understanding Innovation in Organisation

Prologue
	Introduction
	Conventional Thinking
	Thinking Differently
	Scope and Aims
	Problems with the Existing Literature
	The Role of the Business Analyst
	Management as Design
	Main Audience
	Conclusion
	Theory
	Practice
	References
Contents
List of Figures
List of Tables
1: Introduction
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Why Business Design?
	3	 Design Science, Design Theory and Design Artefact
	4	 The Design Orientation
		Problems
		Engagement
		Models
		Prototypes
		Visualisation
		Co-creation
	5	 Types of Design Artefact
	6	 A Simple Game of Design
	7	 Designing Business Education
	8	 A Roadmap to the Book
		Chapter 1: Signs, Patterns and Systems
		Chapter 2: What Is Design?
		Chapter 3: Designing Organisation
		Chapter 4: Projects of Design
		Chapter 5: Investigating Domains of Organisation
		Chapter 6: Engaging with Problem Situations
		Chapter 7: Making Sense of Business Activity
		Chapter 8: Models of Activity
		Chapter 9: Making Sense of Business Information
		Chapter 10: Making Sense of Information Systems
		Chapter 11: Models of Information
		Chapter 12: Making Sense of Business Data
		Chapter 13: Making Sense of Data Systems
		Chapter 14: Models of Data
		Chapter 15: Understanding Digital Innovation
		Chapter 16: Building Digital Business Models
		Chapter 17: Business Motivation, Change and Strategy
		Epilogue
		A Compendium of Business Analysis and Design Techniques
		A Case Book
	9	 Conclusion
	10	 Theory
	11	 Practice
	References
2: Signs, Patterns and Systems
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Signs
	3	 Patterns
	4	 Systems
	5	 Business Modelling
	6	 Sense and Non-sense
	7	 Ontologies
	8	 Conclusion
	9	 Theory
	10	 Practice
	References
3: What Is Design?
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Great Designers and Their Lessons
	3	 Ways of Organising
	4	 Thinking About Design
	5	 Design as an Activity
	6	 Design as Abduction
	7	 Returning to the Design Game
	8	 Techniques for Business Design
		Techniques We Shall Cover
			Affinity Mapping
			Rich Pictures
			Stakeholder Mapping
			Tabletop Prototypes
			Pattern Comics
		Important Aspects of Design Work
	9	 A Grand Challenge
	10	 Conclusion
	11	 Theory
	12	 Practice
	References
4: Designing Organisation
	1	 Introduction
	2	 The Nature of Organisation
		Organisation as Noun
		Organisation as Verb
	3	 Emergence
	4	 Language as Organisation
	5	 Patterns of Organising
	6	 Roles and Action
	7	 Domains of Organisation
	8	 Elements of a Pattern of Organisation
		Actors
		Action
		Sequence and Location
	9	 Socio-technical Organisation
	10	 Returning to the Design Game
	11	 Advantages of This Way of Thinking
	12	 Introducing the Tabletop Prototyping Toolkit
		Throwaway Design
		Visualisation Anxiety
		Reuse
	13	 Conclusion
	14	 Theory
	15	 Practice
	References
5: Projects of Design
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Projects and Problems
	3	 Life Cycle of a Typical Business Analysis Project
	4	 Establishing a Business Analysis Team
	5	 Planning a Business Analysis Project
	6	 Defining Project Scope
	7	 The Control of Project Work
	8	 Methods, Techniques and Tools
	9	 Conclusion
	10	 Theory
	11	 Practice
	References
6: Investigating Domains of Organisation
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Business Investigation
	3	 Business Analyst as Anthropologist
	4	 Business Analysis as Discourse
	5	 Interviews
	6	 Focus Groups
	7	 Meetings and Workshops
	8	 Observation and Participation
	9	 Dealing with Artefacts
	10	 Triangulation
	11	 Business Visualisation
	12	 Physical Prototyping
	13	 Conclusion
	14	 Theory
	15	 Practice
	References
7: Engaging with Problem Situations
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Problem Setting
	3	 Systems of Complexity
	4	 Problem Situations and Stakeholders
	5	 Worldviews
	6	 Issues and Requirements
	7	 Brainstorming and Affinity Mapping
	8	 Scoping and MoSCoW Prioritisation
	9	 Stakeholder Mapping
	10	 Rich Pictures
	11	 A Grand Challenge
	12	 Conclusion
	13	 Theory
	14	 Practice
	References
8: Making Sense of Business Activity
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Coordination
	3	 Purpose and Value
	4	 Coordination Problems
	5	 Equifinality and Design
	6	 Performance and Performance Measurement
	7	 Control
	8	 Performance Measurement
	9	 Patterns of Activity
	10	 Phrasing Activity
	11	 Roles
	12	 Tabletop Prototyping an Activity System
	13	 Conclusion
	14	 Theory
	15	 Practice
	References
9: Models of Activity
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Visualising Patterns of Activity
	3	 Drawing Anxiety
	4	 Comics of Activity Patterns
	5	 Activity Systems
	6	 How to Build an Inka Rope Bridge
	7	 Pattern-making
	8	 Patterns and Templates
	9	 Bridging Patterns
	10	 Conclusion
	11	 Theory
	12	 Practice
	References
10: Making Sense of Business Information
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Communication
	3	 Communicative Acts
	4	 Identifying and Describing Things
	5	 Intent of Communication
	6	 Assertives
	7	 Directives
	8	 Commissives
	9	 Declaratives
	10	 Expressives
	11	 Conclusion
	12	 Theory
	13	 Practice
	References
11: Making Sense of Information Systems
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Communication and Coordination
	3	 Analysing Communication
	4	 Conversations for Action
	5	 Communicative Action by and with Machines
	6	 Making Sense with Communicative Patterns
	7	 Care for the Elderly
	8	 Conclusion
	9	 Theory
	10	 Practice
	References
12: Models of Information
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Things of Interest
	3	 Relationships of Interest
	4	 Relationships and Constraints
	5	 Attributes of Interest
	6	 Abstraction
		Classification
		Generalisation
		Aggregation
	7	 Visualising Information Models
	8	 Communicative Acts and Information Models
	9	 Information Models from Communicative Practice
	10	 Conclusion
	11	 Theory
	12	 Practice
	References
13: Making Sense of Business Data
	1	 Introduction
	2	 The Nature of Data
	3	 Modulation and Coding
	4	 Data Structures as Messages
	5	 The Medium or Substance of Data
	6	 The Ubiquity of Data Structures
	7	 The Importance of Data Structures
	8	 Data Technology
	9	 Data Structures as Actors
	10	 Adding Data Structures to a Tabletop Prototype
	11	 Revisiting the Grand Challenge
	12	 Conclusion
	13	 Theory
	14	 Practice
	References
14: Making Sense of Data Systems
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Data systems
	3	 Acts of articulation
		Create
		Read
		Update
		Delete
	4	 Institutional facts
	5	 Patterns of articulation
	6	 Conclusion
	7	 Theory
	8	 Practice
	References
15: Models of Data
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Natural, Embodied and Persistent Data
	3	 The Importance of Records
	4	 Signs of the Person
	5	 Records as Structures
	6	 Relations
	7	 Forming Data Structures
	8	 Data Structures and Information Classes
	9	 Visualising Data Structures
	10	 Data Structures and Acts of Articulation
	11	 Conclusion
	12	 Theory
	13	 Practice
	References
16: Understanding Digital Innovation
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Innovation
	3	 Digital Innovation
	4	 Disruptive Innovation
	5	 The Nature of Change to Organisation
	6	 Leveraging Change
	7	 Unfreezing, Changing and Refreezing
	8	 Digging Up the Cow Paths
	9	 Stimulating Change
		Scenarios
		Telling Stories
		Using Low Technology
		Rich Pictures as Framing Devices
	10	 Managing Change
	11	 Revisiting the Grand Challenge
	12	 Technology as a Change Lever
	13	 Conclusion
	14	 Theory
	15	 Practice
	References
17: Building Digital Business Models
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Business Models
		Coordination
		Communication
		Articulation
	3	 Returning to the Design Game
	4	 AS-IS, AS-IF and TO-BE
	5	 Organisation as a Cycle of Action
	6	 Online Grocery
	7	 Conclusion
	8	 Theory
	9	 Practice
	References
18: Business Motivation, Strategy and Evaluation
	1	 Introduction
	2	 Environmental Analysis
	3	 Ends
		Vision Statements
		SMART Goals
		Critical Success Factors
		SWOT Analysis
		GAP Analysis
	4	 Means
		Strategy and Tactics
	5	 Carrots and Sticks
	6	 Evaluation
	7	 Types of Evaluation
		Strategic Evaluation
		Cost-Benefit Analysis
		Formative Evaluation
		Summative Evaluation
		Post-mortem Evaluation
	8	 The Learning Organisation
	9	 Action Research
	10	 Conclusion
	11	 Theory
	12	 Practice
	References
Epilogue
	The Organoscape
	A Compendium of Tricks
A Case Book
	Case 1: Goronwy Galvanising
	Case 2: Emergency Ambulance Service
	Case 3: University Short Courses
	Case 4: Cwmni
	Case 5: Online Retail
	Case 6: Healthcare Appointments
	Case 7: Online Healthcare
	Case 8: Household Waste Collection
	Case 9: Track and Trace App
A Compendium of Business Analysis and Design Techniques
Glossary
Index