Burton's Microbiology for the Health Sciences, 9th Edition

Cover......Page 1
Title Page......Page 3
Copyright......Page 4
Dedication......Page 5
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 7
USER’S GUIDE......Page 9
CONTENTS......Page 10
WHAT IS MICROBIOLOGY?......Page 13
WHY STUDY MICROBIOLOGY?......Page 14
PIONEERS IN THE SCIENCE OF MICROBIOLOGY......Page 18
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 23
USING THE METRIC SYSTEM TO EXPRESS THE SIZES OF MICROBES......Page 25
MICROSCOPES......Page 26
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 35
INTRODUCTION......Page 36
EUCARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE......Page 37
PROCARYOTIC CELL STRUCTURE......Page 40
SUMMARY OF STRUCTURAL DIFFERENCES BETWEEN PROCARYOTIC AND EUCARYOTIC CELLS......Page 46
TAXONOMY......Page 47
DETERMINING RELATEDNESS AMONG ORGANISMS......Page 50
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 51
INTRODUCTION......Page 52
ACELLULAR MICROBES......Page 53
THE DOMAIN BACTERIA......Page 64
THE DOMAIN ARCHAEA......Page 78
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 79
ALGAE......Page 81
PROTOZOA......Page 84
FUNGI......Page 86
SLIME MOULDS......Page 94
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 95
INTRODUCTION......Page 96
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY......Page 97
BIOCHEMISTRY......Page 98
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 112
MICROBIAL PHYSIOLOGY......Page 114
METABOLIC ENZYMES......Page 116
METABOLISM......Page 118
BACTERIAL GENETICS......Page 123
GENE THERAPY......Page 130
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 131
LEARNING OBJECTIVES......Page 133
FACTORS THAT AFFECT MICROBIAL GROWTH......Page 134
ENCOURAGING THE GROWTH OF MICROBES IN VITRO......Page 136
INHIBITING THE GROWTH OF MICROBES IN VITRO......Page 143
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 150
INTRODUCTION......Page 152
ANTIBACTERIAL AGENTS......Page 154
ANTIVIRAL AGENTS......Page 160
DRUG RESISTANCE......Page 161
EMPIRIC THERAPY......Page 166
CONCLUDING REMARKS......Page 168
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 169
INTRODUCTION......Page 170
SYMBIOTIC RELATIONSHIPS INVOLVING MICROORGANISMS......Page 171
INDIGENOUS MICROFLORA OF HUMANS......Page 172
BENEFICIAL AND HARMFUL ROLES OF INDIGENOUS MICROFLORA......Page 176
MICROBIAL COMMUNITIES (BIOFILMS)......Page 177
AGRICULTURAL MICROBIOLOGY......Page 178
MICROBIAL BIOTECHNOLOGY......Page 180
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 182
EPIDEMIOLOGY......Page 183
INTERACTIONS AMONG PATHOGENS, HOSTS, AND ENVIRONMENTS......Page 189
CHAIN OF INFECTION......Page 190
RESERVOIRS OF INFECTION......Page 191
MODES OF TRANSMISSION......Page 195
PUBLIC HEALTH AGENCIES......Page 198
BIOTERRORISM AND BIOLOGICAL WARFARE AGENTS......Page 200
WATER SUPPLIES AND SEWAGE DISPOSAL......Page 204
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 206
INTRODUCTION......Page 208
HEALTHCARE-ASSOCIATED INFECTIONS......Page 209
INFECTION CONTROL......Page 213
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 231
CLINICAL SPECIMENS......Page 232
THE PATHOLOGY DEPARTMENT (“THE LAB”)......Page 241
THE CLINICAL MICROBIOLOGY LABORATORY......Page 243
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 248
INTRODUCTION......Page 250
FOUR PERIODS OR PHASES IN THE COURSE OF AN INFECTIOUS DISEASE......Page 251
SYMPTOMS OF A DISEASE VERSUS SIGNS OF A DISEASE......Page 252
PRIMARY VERSUS SECONDARY INFECTIONS......Page 253
VIRULENCE......Page 254
VIRULENCE FACTORS......Page 255
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 262
INTRODUCTION......Page 263
NONSPECIFIC HOST DEFENSE MECHANISMS......Page 264
FIRST LINE OF DEFENSE......Page 265
SECOND LINE OF DEFENSE......Page 266
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 276
INTRODUCTION......Page 278
MAJOR ARMS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM......Page 279
IMMUNITY......Page 280
CELLS OF THE IMMUNE SYSTEM......Page 284
HUMORAL IMMUNITY......Page 285
CELL-MEDIATED IMMUNITY......Page 291
HYPERSENSITIVITY AND HYPERSENSITIVITY REACTIONS......Page 292
IMMUNOSUPPRESSION......Page 297
THE IMMUNOLOGY LABORATORY......Page 298
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 301
INTRODUCTION......Page 303
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE SKIN......Page 304
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM......Page 305
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE ORAL REGION......Page 308
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM......Page 309
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM......Page 313
INFECTIOUS DISEASES OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 314
EMERGING AND REEMERGING INFECTIOUS DISEASES......Page 317
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 318
HOW DO VIRUSES CAUSE DISEASE?......Page 319
VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN......Page 320
VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM......Page 324
VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT......Page 325
VIRAL INFECTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM......Page 328
APPROPRIATE THERAPY FOR VIRAL INFECTIONS......Page 332
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 334
INTRODUCTION......Page 335
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE SKIN......Page 337
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE EARS......Page 339
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM......Page 341
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE ORAL REGION......Page 344
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT......Page 346
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM......Page 349
BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM......Page 352
DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH BIOFILMS......Page 356
RECAP OF MAJOR BACTERIAL INFECTIONS OF HUMANS......Page 357
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 359
HOW DO FUNGI CAUSE DISEASE?......Page 360
CLASSIFICATION OF FUNGAL DISEASES......Page 361
FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE ORAL REGION......Page 363
FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE GENITOURINARY SYSTEM......Page 365
FUNGAL INFECTIONS OF THE CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM......Page 366
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 367
INTRODUCTION......Page 369
DEFINITIONS......Page 370
PROTOZOAL INFECTIONS OF HUMANS......Page 371
HELMINTHS......Page 379
APPROPRIATE THERAPY FOR PARASITIC INFECTIONS......Page 381
MEDICALLY IMPORTANT ARTHROPODS......Page 382
SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 383
APPENDIX A: ANSWERS TO SELF-ASSESSMENT EXERCISES......Page 385
APPENDIX B: COMPENDIUM OF IMPORTANT BACTERIAL PATHOGENS OF HUMANS......Page 387
APPENDIX C: USEFUL CONVERSIONS......Page 390
APPENDIX D: GREEK ALPHABET......Page 391
GLOSSARY......Page 393
INDEX......Page 417