Burns and Grove's The Practice of Nursing Research: Appraisal, Synthesis, and Generation of Evidence

Title page
Table of Contents
Contents in brief
Copyright
Dedication
Contributors
Reviewers
Preface
Useful tools
Acknowledgments
List of Tables
List of Illustrations
UNIT 1. Introduction to Nursing Research
	1. Discovering the world of nursing
		Definition of nursing research
		Framework linking nursing research to the world of nursing
		Focus of research evidence in nursing
		Your role in research
		Key points
		References
	2. Evolution of research in building evidence-based nursing practice
		Historical development of research in nursing
		Current national research initiatives
		Methodologies for developing research evidence in nursing
		Classification of research methodologies presented in this text
		Introduction to best research evidence for practice
		Introduction to evidence-based practice guidelines
		Key points
		References
	3. Introduction to quantitative research
		Methods for quantitative research
		Defining terms relevant to quantitative research
		Steps of the quantitative research process
		Steps of the quantitative research process for a quasi-experimental study
		Key points
		References
	4. Introduction to qualitative research
		Philosophical perspectives for qualitative research
		Unique characteristics of qualitative research
		Methodologies for qualitative research
		Other approaches to qualitative research
		Key points
		References
UNIT 2. The Research Process
	5. Research problem and purpose
		The research problem
		The research purpose
		Sources of research problems and purposes
		Formulating a research problem and purpose
		Example of problem and purpose development
		Feasibility of a study
		Examples of research topics, problems, and purposes for different types of research
		Key points
		References
	6. Objectives, questions, hypotheses, and study variables
		Use of research objectives or aims in studies
		Formulating research questions
		Hypotheses
		Identifying and defining study variables or concepts
		Defining concepts and operationalizing variables in quantitative studies
		Key points
		References
	7. Review of relevant literature
		Getting started: Frequently asked questions
		Practical considerations for performing a literature review
		Stages of a literature review
		Key points
		References
	8. Frameworks
		Introduction of terms
		Understanding concepts
		Examining statements
		Levels of abstraction of statements
		Appraising theories and research frameworks
		Developing a research framework for study
		Key points
		References
	9. Ethics in research
		Historical events affecting the development of ethical codes and regulations
		Early US government research regulations
		Standards for privacy for research data
		Protection of human rights
		Human subject protection in genomics research
		Informed consent
		Institutional review
		Research misconduct
		Animals as research subjects
		Key points
		References
	10. Quantitative methodology: Noninterventional designs and methods
		Concepts important to noninterventional research design
		Design validity
		Decisions to develop and implement noninterventional studies
		Noninterventional designs that capture change across time
		Descriptive designs
		Correlational designs
		Key points
		References
	11. Quantitative methodology: Interventional designs and methods
		Research terms
		Study interventions
		Threats to validity in interventional studies
		Interventional designs
		Algorithms for identifying and selecting interventional designs
		Other designs
		Key points
		References
	12. Qualitative research methods
		Principles supporting qualitative methods
		Research process in qualitative studies
		Qualitative sampling
		Data collection methods
		Data management
		Organizing and storing data
		Data analysis
		Reporting qualitative studies
		Methods for specific methodologies
		Key points
		References
	13. Outcomes research
		Current status of outcomes research
		The origins of modern outcomes research
		Structure, process, and outcome in current research
		Federal government involvement in outcomes research
		Nongovernmental involvement in outcomes research
		Outcomes research and evidence-based practice
		Nursing-sensitive patient outcomes
		Methodological considerations for outcomes studies
		Key points
		References
	14. Mixed methods research
		Philosophical foundations
		Overview of mixed methods designs
		Challenges of mixed methods designs
		Critically appraising mixed methods designs
		Key points
		References
	15. Sampling
		Sampling theory
		Probability (random) sampling methods
		Nonprobability (nonrandom) sampling methods commonly applied in quantitative and outcomes research
		Nonprobability sampling methods commonly applied in qualitative and mixed methods research
		Sample size in quantitative research
		Sample size in qualitative research
		Research settings
		Recruiting and retaining research participants
		Key points
		References
	16. Quantitative measurement concepts
		Directness of measurement
		Measurement error
		Levels of measurement
		Reference testing measurement
		Reliability
		Validity
		Accuracy, precision, and error of physiological measures
		Sensitivity, specificity, and likelihood ratios
		Key points
		References
	17. Measurement methods used in developing evidence-based practice
		Physiological measurement
		Observational measurement
		Interviews in research
		Questionnaires
		Scales
		Q-sort methodology
		Delphi technique
		Diaries
		Measurement using existing databases
		Selection of an existing instrument
		Introduction to scale construction
		Translating a scale to another language
		Key points
		References
UNIT 3. Putting It All Together for Evidence-Based Health Care
	18. Critical appraisal of nursing studies
		Evolution of critical appraisal of research in nursing
		When are critical appraisals of research implemented in nursing?
		Nurses’ expertise in critical appraisal of research
		Critical appraisal process for quantitative research
		Critical appraisal process for qualitative studies
		Key points
		References
	19. Evidence synthesis and strategies for implementing evidence-based practice
		Strengths, challenges, and current status of evidence-based practice in nursing
		Guidelines for synthesizing research evidence
		Models to promote evidence-based practice in nursing
		Implementing evidence-based guidelines in practice
		Evidence-based practice centers
		Introduction to translational research and translational science
		Key points
		References
UNIT 4. Collecting and Analyzing Data, Determining Outcomes, and Disseminating Research
	20. Collecting and managing data
		Study protocol
		Factors influencing data collection
		Preparation for data collection
		Pilot study
		Role of the researcher during data collection and management
		Research/researcher support
		Serendipity
		Key points
		References
	21. Introduction to statistical analysis
		Concepts of statistical theory
		Types of statistics
		Practical aspects of statistical analysis
		Choosing appropriate statistical procedures for a study
		Key points
		References
	22. Using statistics to describe variables
		Using statistics to summarize data
		Using statistics to explore deviations in the data
		Key points
		References
	23. Using statistics to examine relationships
		Scatter diagrams
		Bivariate correlational analysis
		Bland and Altman plots
		Factor analysis
		Key points
		References
	24. Using statistics to predict
		Simple linear regression
		Multiple regression
		Odds ratio
		Logistic regression
		Cox proportional hazards regression
		Key points
		References
	25. Using statistics to determine differences
		Choosing parametric versus nonparametric statistics to determine differences
		t-tests
		One-way analysis of variance
		Pearson chi-square test
		Key points
		References
	26. Interpreting research outcomes
		Example study
		Identification of limitations through examination of design validity
		Generalizing the findings
		Considering implications for practice, theory, and knowledge
		Suggesting further research
		Forming final conclusions
		Key points
		References
	27. Disseminating research findings
		Components of a research report
		Types of research reports
		Audiences for communication of research findings
		Strategies for presentation of research findings
		Strategies for publication of research findings
		Key points
		References
UNIT 5. Proposing and Seeking Funding for Research
	28. Writing research proposals
		Writing a research proposal
		Types of research proposals
		Content of a quantitative research proposal
		Content of a qualitative research proposal
		Seeking approval for a study
		Example quantitative research proposal
		Key points
		References
	29. Seeking funding for research
		Building a program of research
		Building capital
		Identifying funding sources
		Submitting a proposal for a federal grant
		Grant management
		Planning your next grant
		Key points
		References
Appendix A: z values table
Appendix B: Critical values for student’s t distribution
Appendix C: Critical values of r for pearson product moment correlation coefficient
Appendix D: Critical values of F for α = 0.05 and α = 0.01
Appendix E: Critical values of the χ2 distribution
Glossary
Index
Inside back cover
Inside back cover 1