Buoyancy-Driven Flows

Contents
Contributors
	Christophe Ancey Raphael Dussin Bruno Ferron William G. Large Sonya Legg Steve Lentz Paul Linden Sylvie Malardel Joseph Pedlosky Michael A. Spall Anne Marie Treguier Andy Woods
Introduction
	References
1 Gravity Currents – Theory and Laboratory Experiments
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Reduced Gravity
	1.3 Frontogenesis u
	1.4 Nondimensional Parameters
	1.5 Scaling Analysis
	1.6 Theories for the Froude Number
	1.7 Shallow Water Theory
	1.8 Strati fi ed Ambient Fluid
	1.9 Summary and Conclusions
	Acknowledgments
	References
2 Theory of Oceanic Buoyancy-Driven Flows
	2.1 General Considerations and a Laboratory Example
	2.2 Buoyancy-Driven Flows in Beta-Plane Basins: The Relation Between Buoyancy Forcing and the Location of Vertical Motion
	2.3 Buoyancy Forced Flows with Weak Strati fi cation: Downstream Variation Effects
	References
3 Buoyancy-Forced Circulation and Downwelling in Marginal Seas
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Buoyancy-Forced Circulation and Exchange
	3.3 Dynamics of Downwelling
	3.4 Summary
	Acknowledgments
	References
4 Buoyant Coastal Currents
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 A Simple Model for Buoyant Coastal Currents over a Sloping Bottom
	4.3 Evaluating the Buoyant Coastal Current Model
	4.4 Response of Buoyant Coastal Currents to Wind Forcing
	Acknowledgments
	References
5 Over flows and Convectively Driven Flows
	5.1 Introduction to Over flows
	5.2 Over flow Processes: Focus on Entrainment
	entrainment
	entrainment velocity
	transport method
	tracer method
	5.3 Convectively Driven Ocean Flows
	References
	Appendix: Notation Variable Description
6 An Ocean Climate Modeling Perspective on Buoyancy-Driven Flows
	6.1 Buoyancy in Ocean Climate Models
	6.2 Convective Boundary Layers
	6.3 Ventilation in Ocean Models
	6.4 Parameterized Over flows
	Acknowledgment
	References
7 Buoyancy-Driven Currents in Eddying Ocean Models
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Characteristics of Numerical Models of the Ocean
	7.3 Interplay of Numerics and Parameterizations
	7.4 Modeling Deep Flow Through the Romanche Fracture Zone
	7.5 Modeling the Spreading of Mediterranean Water in the Atlantic
	7.6 Conclusion
	List of Acronyms
	References
8 Atmospheric Buoyancy-Driven Flows
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Circulations
	8.3 Simulations
	References
9 Volcanic Flows
	9.1 Introduction
	9.2 Magma Injection and Eruption Triggering
	9.3 Second Boiling and Eruption Triggers
	9.4 Magma Mixing
	9.5 Eruption Dynamics
	9.6 Related Volcanic Processes
	9.7 Summary
	References
10 Gravity Flow on Steep Slope
	10.1 Introduction
	10.2 A Physical Picture of Gravity Flows
	10.3 Anatomy of Gravity Currents on Slope
	10.4 Fluid-Mechanics Approach to Gravity Currents
	10.5 Dense Flows
	10.6 Dilute Inertia-Dominated Flows
	10.7 Comparison with Data
	10.8 Concluding Remarks and Perspectives
	References
Index