Building Services Handbook, Fifth Edition: Incorporating Current Building & Construction Regulations

Building Services Handbook......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
Preface to Fifth Edition......Page 14
Preface to Fourth Edition......Page 15
Preface to Third Edition......Page 16
Preface to Second Edition......Page 17
Preface to First Edition......Page 18
Part One: Introduction......Page 20
The industry......Page 21
Construction team......Page 22
Legislative and support documents......Page 23
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act......Page 24
Building Act......Page 29
Water Industry Act......Page 30
International Standards......Page 32
Building Research Establishment......Page 33
Design and installation standards......Page 34
Part Two: Cold Water and Supply Systems......Page 36
Rain cycle – sources of water supply......Page 37
Acidity and alkalinity in water......Page 38
Filtration of water......Page 39
Sterilisation and softening......Page 40
Storage and distribution of water......Page 41
Valves and taps......Page 42
Joints on water pipes......Page 45
Pipe jointing materials......Page 46
Water mains......Page 47
Direct system of cold water supply......Page 50
Indirect system of cold water supply......Page 51
Hard and soft water......Page 52
Water conditioning......Page 54
Backflow protection......Page 60
Secondary backflow protection......Page 61
Cold water storage cisterns......Page 63
Cold water storage calculations......Page 64
Boosted cold water systems......Page 65
Delayed action float valve......Page 68
Pump laws......Page 71
Pipe sizing by formula......Page 73
Pipe sizes and resistances......Page 74
Hydraulics and fluid flow......Page 77
Part Three: Hot Water Supply Systems......Page 82
Direct system of hot water supply......Page 84
Indirect system of hot water supply......Page 85
Unvented hot water storage system......Page 86
Expansion and temperature relief valves......Page 89
Hot water storage cylinders......Page 92
Primatic hot water storage cylinder......Page 93
Medium and high rise building supply systems......Page 96
Types of boiler......Page 97
Secondary circulation......Page 102
Duplication of plant......Page 103
Electric and gas water heaters......Page 104
Solar heating of water......Page 111
Hot water storage capacity......Page 114
Boiler rating......Page 115
Pipe sizing......Page 116
Circulation pump rating......Page 119
Legionnaires' disease in hot water systems......Page 120
SEDBUK......Page 121
Galvanic or electrolytic action......Page 124
Water treatment......Page 125
Part Four: Heating Systems......Page 128
Heat emitters......Page 129
Low temperature, hot water heating systems......Page 132
Underfloor and panel heating......Page 140
Expansion facilities in heating systems......Page 143
Expansion vessels......Page 144
Solar space heating......Page 145
High temperature, pressurised hot water systems......Page 147
Steam heating systems......Page 149
District heating......Page 154
Combined heat and power......Page 157
Expansion of pipework......Page 158
Thermostatic control of heating systems......Page 160
Timed control of heating systems......Page 161
Zoned controls......Page 167
Energy management systems......Page 171
Warm air heating system......Page 174
'U' values......Page 175
Part Five: Fuel Characteristics and Storage......Page 190
Fuels – factors affecting choice......Page 191
Solid fuel – properties and storage......Page 192
Domestic solid fuel boilers......Page 194
Solid fuel – flues......Page 196
Oil – properties......Page 198
Oil – storage and supply......Page 200
Oil-fired burners......Page 204
Oil – flues......Page 209
Natural gas – properties......Page 211
Liquid petroleum gas – properties and storage......Page 212
Electric boiler......Page 214
Electricity – electrode boiler......Page 215
Part Six: Ventilation Systems......Page 216
Ventilation requirements......Page 217
Guide to ventilation rates......Page 218
Domestic accommodation......Page 219
Mechanical ventilation......Page 226
Types of fan......Page 231
Fan laws......Page 232
Sound attenuation in ductwork......Page 233
Air filters......Page 234
Low velocity air flow in ducts......Page 237
Air diffusion......Page 238
Ventilation design......Page 239
Resistances to air flow......Page 247
Part Seven: Air Conditioning......Page 250
Air conditioning – principles and applications......Page 251
Central plant system......Page 252
Air processing unit......Page 253
Humidifiers......Page 254
Variable air volume......Page 255
Induction (air/water) system......Page 256
Fan-coil (air/water) unit and induction diffuser......Page 257
Dual duct system......Page 258
Cooling systems......Page 260
Refrigerant and system characteristics......Page 261
Packed air conditioning systems......Page 265
Psychrometrics – processes and applications......Page 267
Heat pumps......Page 275
Heat recovery devices......Page 279
Health considerations and building related illnesses......Page 280
Part Eight: Drainage Systems, Sewage Treatment and Refuse Disposal......Page 282
Combined and separate systems......Page 283
Partially separate system......Page 284
Rodding point system......Page 285
Sewer connection......Page 286
Drainage ventilation......Page 287
Drain laying......Page 290
Means of access......Page 291
Bedding of drains......Page 296
Drains under or near buildings......Page 298
Joints used on drain pipes......Page 299
Anti-flood devices......Page 300
Garage drainage......Page 301
Drainage pumping......Page 302
Subsoil drainage......Page 305
Tests on drains......Page 308
Soakaways......Page 309
Cesspools and septic tanks......Page 310
Drainage fields and mounds......Page 315
Rainwater management......Page 319
Drainage design......Page 321
Refuse chute......Page 332
Part Nine: Sanitary Fitments and Appliances: Discharge and Waste Systems......Page 338
Flushing cisterns, troughs and valves......Page 339
Water closets......Page 344
Bidets......Page 346
Showers......Page 347
Baths......Page 353
Sinks......Page 354
Wash basins and troughs......Page 356
Thermostatic temperature control......Page 358
Urinals......Page 364
Hospital sanitary appliances......Page 366
Sanitary conveniences......Page 367
Facilities for the disabled......Page 371
Traps and waste valve......Page 374
Single stack system and variations......Page 378
One- and two-pipe systems......Page 382
Pumped waste system......Page 384
Wash basins – waste arrangements......Page 385
Waste pipes from washing machines and dishwashers......Page 386
Air test......Page 387
Sanitation – data......Page 388
Offsets......Page 390
Ground floor appliances – high rise buildings......Page 391
Fire stops and seals......Page 392
Flow rates and discharge units......Page 394
Sanitation design – discharge stack sizing......Page 395
Part Ten: Gas Installation, Components and Controls......Page 398
Natural gas – combustion......Page 399
Mains gas supply and installation......Page 400
Gas service pipe intake......Page 402
Meters......Page 407
Gas controls and safety features......Page 408
Gas ignition devices and burners......Page 409
Purging and testing......Page 415
Gas appliances......Page 418
Balanced flue appliances......Page 421
Open flue appliances......Page 429
Flue blocks......Page 430
Flue lining......Page 431
Shared flues......Page 432
Fan assisted gas flues......Page 435
Ventilation requirements......Page 437
Flue gas analysis......Page 440
Gas laws......Page 441
Gas consumption......Page 445
Gas pipe sizing......Page 446
Part Eleven: Electrical Supply and Installations......Page 450
Three-phase generation and supply......Page 451
Electricity distribution......Page 452
Intake to a building......Page 454
Earthing systems and bonding......Page 455
Consumer unit......Page 460
Power and lighting circuits......Page 467
Overload protection......Page 472
Electric wiring......Page 475
Testing completed installation......Page 477
Cable rating......Page 479
Diversity......Page 480
Industrial installations......Page 481
Electric space heating......Page 484
Space heating controls......Page 488
Construction site electricity......Page 489
Light sources, lamps and luminaires......Page 491
Lighting controls......Page 500
Extra-low-voltage lighting......Page 502
Lighting design......Page 504
Daylighting......Page 506
Telecommunications installation......Page 511
Part Twelve: Mechanical Conveyors – Lifts, Escalators and Travelators......Page 512
Planning lift installations......Page 513
Electric lifts......Page 515
Roping systems......Page 516
Controls......Page 517
Lift doors......Page 520
Machine room and equipment......Page 521
Safety features......Page 522
Installation details......Page 523
Dimensions......Page 524
Paternoster lifts......Page 525
Lifting arrangements and installation......Page 527
Pumping unit......Page 528
Estimating the number of lifts required......Page 530
Firefighting lifts......Page 531
Builders' and electricians' work......Page 534
Escalators......Page 536
Travelators......Page 538
Stair lifts......Page 539
Part Thirteen: Fire Prevention and Control Services......Page 540
Sprinklers......Page 541
Drenchers......Page 553
Hose reels......Page 554
Hydrants......Page 555
Foam installations......Page 558
Gas extinguishers......Page 559
Fire alarms......Page 562
Smoke, fire and heat detectors......Page 564
Electrical alarm circuits......Page 568
Fire dampers in ductwork......Page 571
Pressurisation of escape routes......Page 572
Smoke extraction, ventilation and control......Page 573
Portable fire extinguishers......Page 576
Carbon monoxide detectors......Page 579
Part Fourteen: Security Installations......Page 582
Intruder alarms......Page 583
Micro-switch and magnetic reed......Page 584
Radio sensor, pressure mat and taut wiring......Page 585
Acoustic, vibration and inertia detectors......Page 586
Ultrasonic and microwave detectors......Page 587
Active infra-red detector......Page 588
Passive infra-red detector......Page 589
Lightning protection systems......Page 591
Part Fifteen: Accommodation for Building Services......Page 594
Ducts for engineering services......Page 595
Floor and skirting ducts......Page 597
Medium and large vertical ducts......Page 598
Medium and large horizontal ducts......Page 599
Subways or walkways......Page 600
Penetration of fire structure by pipes......Page 601
Raised access floors......Page 602
Suspended and false ceilings......Page 603
Part Sixteen: Alternative and Renewable Energy......Page 604
Alternative energy......Page 605
Wind power......Page 606
Fuel cells......Page 608
Water power......Page 609
Geothermal power......Page 610
Solar power......Page 612
Photovoltaic systems......Page 614
Biomass or biofuel......Page 616
Part Seventeen: Appendices......Page 618
Appendix 1 – Glossary of common abbreviations......Page 619
Appendix 2 – Abbreviations for pipework......Page 621
Appendix 3 – Abbreviations for pipework components......Page 622
Appendix 4 – Abbreviations used for drainage systems......Page 623
Appendix 5 – Abbreviations used for sanitation systems......Page 624
Appendix 6 – Graphical symbols for pipework......Page 625
Appendix 7 – Identification of pipework......Page 626
Appendix 8 – Graphical symbols for electrical installation work......Page 628
Appendix 9 – Metric units......Page 629
Appendix 10 – Water pressure and head – Comparison of units......Page 632
Appendix 11 – Conversion of common imperial units to metric......Page 633
B......Page 636
C......Page 637
D......Page 638
E......Page 639
F......Page 640
H......Page 641
L......Page 642
M......Page 643
P......Page 644
R......Page 645
S......Page 646
U......Page 648
Z......Page 649