Building Materials, Third Edition

Preface to the Third Edition......Page 6
Preface to the Second Edition......Page 7
Preface to the First Edition......Page 8
Contents......Page 10
1.1 Introduction......Page 18
1.2 Physical Properties......Page 19
1.3 Mechanical Properties......Page 23
Exercises
......Page 24
2.1 Introduction......Page 25
2.3 Physical Properties of Clays......Page 26
2.4 Bricks......Page 27
2.5 Classification of Bricks......Page 28
2.7 Ingredients of Good Brick Earth......Page 31
2.8 Harmful Substances in Brick Earth......Page 32
2.9 Manufacturing of Bricks......Page 33
2.10 Different Forms of Bricks......Page 41
2.11 Testing of Bricks......Page 43
2.12 Defects of Bricks......Page 46
2.14 Burnt Clay Perforated Bricks (IS : 2222)......Page 47
2.16 Burnt Clay Soling Bricks (IS : 5779)......Page 48
2.18 Burnt Clay Jallis (IS : 7556)......Page 49
2.19 Clay Tiles......Page 50
2.21 Fire-Clay Bricks or Refractory Bricks......Page 56
2.22 Terracotta
......Page 57
2.23 Porcelain......Page 58
2.27 Glazing......Page 59
2.28 Application of Clay Products......Page 60
Exercises
......Page 61
Objective Type Questions......Page 62
3.1 Introduction......Page 69
3.2 Rock-Forming Minerals......Page 70
3.3 Classification of Rocks......Page 74
3.4 Quarrying of stones......Page 76
3.6 Seasoning of Stone......Page 80
3.7 Dressing of Stone......Page 82
3.8 Uses of Stones......Page 83
3.9 Characteristics of Good Building Stone......Page 84
3.10 Testing of Stones......Page 85
3.11 Deterioration of Stones......Page 92
3.13 Preservation of Stones......Page 94
3.15 Common Building Stones......Page 95
3.17 Applications of Stones......Page 98
Exercises
......Page 100
Objective Type Questions......Page 102
4.1 Introduction......Page 108
4.3 Growth of Trees
......Page 109
4.4 Classification of Timber (IS : 399)......Page 110
4.5 Structure of Timber......Page 112
4.7 Seasoning of Timber......Page 113
4.8 Defects of Timber......Page 115
4.10 Decay of Timber......Page 118
4.11 Preservation of Timber (IS :401)......Page 120
4.12 Fire Resistance of Timber......Page 124
4.13 Testing of Timber (IS :1708)......Page 125
4.14 Suitability of Timber for Specific Uses......Page 138
4.15 Properties of Wood......Page 140
4.16 Wood Products......Page 145
4.17 Applications of Wood and Wood Products......Page 152
Exercises
......Page 153
Objective Type Questions......Page 155
5.1 Introduction......Page 161
5.2 Portland Cement......Page 162
5.3 Chemical Composition of Raw Materials......Page 163
5.4 Composition of Cement Clinker......Page 164
5.5 Hydration of Cement......Page 166
5.7 Water Requirement for Hydration
......Page 168
5.8 Manufacture of Cement......Page 169
5.9 Testing of Cement......Page 171
5.10 Types of Cement......Page 186
5.11 Storage of Cement......Page 191
Objective Type Questions......Page 192
6.2 Classification of Aggregates......Page 198
6.3 Characteristics of Aggregate......Page 200
6.6 Alkali-Aggregate Reaction......Page 204
6.8 Fine Aggregate......Page 206
6.9 Coarse Aggregate......Page 207
6.12 Testing of Aggregates......Page 208
Objective Type Questions......Page 224
7.2 Quality of Mixing Water......Page 226
7.3 Effect of Mixing Water from Different Sources......Page 228
Objective Type Questions......Page 229
8.1 Introduction......Page 231
8.2 Impurities in Limestones
......Page 233
8.3 Classification......Page 234
8.4 Manufacture......Page 238
8.5 Slaking......Page 239
8.6 Hardening......Page 240
8.8 Testing......Page 242
8.9 Storage......Page 247
Exercises
......Page 248
Objective Type Questions......Page 249
9.2 Classification......Page 251
9.3 The Activity of Puzzolana......Page 252
9.6 Fly Ash......Page 253
9.7 Calcined Clay Puzzolana (Surkhi)......Page 255
9.8 Ground Blast Furnace Slag......Page 256
9.9 Silica Fume......Page 257
9.10 Rice Husk Ash......Page 258
Objective Type Questions
......Page 259
10.1 Introduction......Page 261
10.2 Classification......Page 262
10.3 Production......Page 263
10.4 Water-Cement Ratio......Page 283
10.5 Gel-space Ratio......Page 285
10.6 Strength of Concrete......Page 287
10.7 Maturity......Page 297
10.8 Workability......Page 298
10.9 Durability......Page 303
10.10 Defects......Page 305
10.12 Physical Properties......Page 306
10.14 Non-Destructive Testing......Page 308
10.15 Rheology......Page 313
10.17 Admixtures for Concrete (IS: 9103-1999)......Page 315
Exercises
......Page 320
Objective Type Questions......Page 322
11.1 Introduction......Page 326
11.2 Principles of Mix Design......Page 328
11.3 Ingredients of the Mix......Page 331
11.4 Acceptance Criteria......Page 338
11.5 Proportioning the Ingredients......Page 342
11.6 Is Method of Mix Design......Page 344
Exercises......Page 356
Objective Type Questions......Page 357
12.1 Introduction......Page 359
12.2 Classification......Page 360
12.3 Characteristics of Good Mortar......Page 361
12.5 Cement Mortar......Page 362
12.6 Lime Mortar......Page 364
12.8 lime-Cement Mortar......Page 366
12.10 Special Mortars......Page 367
12.12 Testing......Page 368
12.14 Guniting......Page 371
Exercises
......Page 373
Objective Type Questions......Page 374
13.2 Structures of Ferrous Metal......Page 375
13.4 Pig Iron......Page 376
13.5 Cast Iron......Page 377
13.6 Wrought Iron......Page 381
13.7 Steel......Page 382
13.8 Rolled Steel Sections......Page 387
13.9 Reinforcing Steel Bars......Page 388
13.10 Rusting and Corrosion......Page 391
13.11 Tensile Testing of Steel Sections (IS:1608)......Page 392
13.12 Alloy Steel......Page 394
Exercises
......Page 396
Objective Type Questions......Page 397
14.2 Aluminium......Page 399
14.3 Copper......Page 402
14.4 Zinc......Page 404
14.5 Lead......Page 405
14.7 Nickel......Page 406
Exercises......Page 407
Objective Type Questions......Page 408
15.2 Classification of Ceramic......Page 410
15.3 Refractories......Page 411
15.4 Glass......Page 412
15.6 Polymorphism in Ceramic Materials
......Page 417
15.8 Thermal Properties of Ceramic Phases......Page 418
Objective Type Questions......Page 419
16.2 Polymerisation Mechanism......Page 421
16.4 Rubbers......Page 424
16.5 Plastics......Page 430
16.6 Constituents of Plastics......Page 431
16.7 Fabrication of Commercial Articles from Plastics......Page 432
16.9 Properties of Plastics......Page 435
16.10 Effect of Temperature on Mechanical Properties......Page 436
Objective Type Questions......Page 438
17.2 Composition of Oil Paint......Page 440
17.4 Preparation of Paint......Page 443
17.5 Covering Power of Paints......Page 444
17.6 Pigmet Volume Concentration (P.V.C)......Page 445
17.8 Painting Wood Surfaces......Page 446
17.10 Defects......Page 448
17.12 Distemper......Page 450
17.14 Varnish......Page 451
17.17 Miscellaneous Paints......Page 453
Exercises......Page 455
Objective Type Questions......Page 456
18.1 Introduction......Page 459
18.2 Bitumen......Page 460
18.3 TAR
......Page 462
18.5 Asphalt......Page 463
18.7 General Properties......Page 465
18.8 Testing......Page 467
18.9 Applications of Bituminous Materials......Page 473
Objective Type Questions......Page 475
19.1 Introduction......Page 477
19.3 Setting and Hardening......Page 478
19.5 Manufacture......Page 479
19.6 Plaster of Paris or Stucco
......Page 480
19.7 Gypsum Wall Plasters......Page 481
19.9 Gypsum Plaster Boards......Page 482
Exercises......Page 483
Objective Type Questions......Page 484
20.2 Acid-Resistant Cements......Page 485
20.3 Expanding Cements......Page 486
20.4 Oil-Well Cement......Page 487
20.5 Reinforced Cement Concrete......Page 490
20.6 Prestressed Concrete......Page 491
20.7 Polymer Concrete......Page 492
20.8 Fibre Reinforced Concrete......Page 493
20.9 Ferrocement......Page 494
20.10 Light Weight Concrete......Page 498
20.11 High Strength Concrete......Page 501
20.12 Shrinkage Compensating Concrete......Page 504
20.14 Roller Compacted Concrete......Page 506
20.15 Ready Mixed Concrete (RMC)......Page 507
20.16 Self-Compacting Concrete......Page 510
20.17 Shotcrete......Page 512
20.18 High-Performance Concrete......Page 513
20.19 Bacterial Concrete......Page 516
Objective Type Questions......Page 517
21.1 Adhesives......Page 519
21.2 Asbestos......Page 520
21.3 Linoleum......Page 521
21.7 Water Proofing Materials......Page 522
21.8 Fiber......Page 523
21.9 Geosynthetics......Page 524
21.10 Sand lime Brick (IS: 4139)......Page 529
21.11 Smart Materials......Page 531
21.12 Composite Materials......Page 533
Exercises......Page 536
Objective Type Questions......Page 537
Lime-Puzzolana Mixtures......Page 538
Industrial Bitumen for Use in Buildings......Page 539
Index......Page 540