Britain Since 1945: A Political History

BOOK COVER......Page 1
HALF-TITLE......Page 2
TITLE......Page 3
COPYRIGHT......Page 4
CONTENTS......Page 5
LIST OF TABLES......Page 14
PREFACE......Page 16
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS......Page 17
NOTE AND ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE SECOND EDITION......Page 18
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE THIRD EDITION......Page 19
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE FOURTH EDITION......Page 20
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS TO THE FIFTH EDITION......Page 21
ABBREVIATIONS......Page 22
JAPANESE TO ‘FIGHT RESOLUTELY’......Page 26
CHURCHILL’S DEFEAT......Page 27
‘INCREDULITY’ AS CONSERVATIVES LOSE......Page 28
ATTLEE’S TEAM: ‘THESE FINE MEN’......Page 30
ATTLEE: ‘ONE OF THE BEST CHAIRMEN’......Page 31
BRITAIN: ‘IT WON’T BE EASY’......Page 32
NOTES......Page 33
BRITAIN BEING ‘FLAYED TO THE BONE’......Page 34
AMERICAN LOAN: ‘THIS WAS A DISASTER’......Page 35
PUBLIC OWNERSHIP: ‘I’VE WAITED ALL MY LIFE FOR THIS MOMENT’......Page 36
NATIONAL INSURANCE: A ‘PALTRY SUM’......Page 38
THE NHS: ‘VESTED INTERESTS LINED UP’......Page 39
HOUSING AND EDUCATION: ‘HANDS WERE TIED’......Page 41
CONSTITUTIONAL AND TRADE UNION REFORM......Page 42
RAF: ‘INCITEMENT TO MUTINY’......Page 45
CONSERVATIVES GET ‘BEST SALESMAN’......Page 47
ELECTION 1950: ‘REAL DETESTATION OF…LABOUR’......Page 48
NOTES......Page 49
INDIAN INDEPENDENCE: ‘STRUCK ME…WITH A RIDING WHIP’......Page 51
PALESTINE: ‘ARABS…ENCOURAGED TO MOVE OUT’......Page 53
COLONIES: ‘UNDER THE GUIDANCE OF THE MOTHER COUNTRY’......Page 58
WAR IN MALAYA......Page 59
COLD WAR: ‘MAGNATES…WHO FINANCED HITLER’......Page 61
MARSHALL AID AND NATO......Page 63
KOREA: AS ‘DEMOCRATIC…AS CALIGULA’S ROME’......Page 65
IRAN: ‘PROUD AND SUBTLE A PEOPLE’......Page 67
ELECTION ’51: AFTER ‘EXHAUSTING AND UNDIGNIFIED PROCESS’......Page 69
DECLINE OF SOCIALISM: ‘SOME FORM OF GESTAPO’......Page 70
NOTES......Page 71
‘OUR FUTURE…LITTLE BETTER THAN A GERMAN SATELLITE’......Page 76
CHURCHILL’S CABINET: ‘REMINISCENT OF BYGONE TIMES’......Page 77
THE BEVANITES: ‘COMPLACENT ASSUMPTIONS’......Page 79
 1955: ‘FIRST OF THE ELECTIONEERING BUDGETS’......Page 80
GAITSKELL’S ‘GREAT TALENT AND FIRM LOYALTY’......Page 81
ITV: ‘FOR THE SAKE OF OUR CHILDREN…RESIST IT’......Page 82
CINEMA AND THE PRESS......Page 83
EUROPE: ‘MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING’......Page 85
SUEZ 1956: ‘THAT DOES AMOUNT TO A LIE’......Page 86
NOTES......Page 89
MACMILLAN: ‘MORE COUSINS AND LESS OPPOSITION’......Page 91
MACMILLAN: ‘CAPABLE OF BEING RUTHLESS’......Page 93
CYPRUS: ‘NO QUESTION OF ANY CHANGE’......Page 94
ECONOMY: ‘LIKE BICYCLING ALONG A TIGHTROPE’......Page 96
‘NONSENSE…THAT OUR TRADE UNIONS…ARE IRRESPONSIBLE’......Page 98
‘MOST OF OUR PEOPLE HAVE NEVER HAD IT SO GOOD’......Page 100
RUSSIANS IN SPACE: ‘FRIVOLITY’ OF BRITISH......Page 102
KENYA: HOLA CAMP ‘SUB-HUMAN INDIVIDUALS’......Page 104
AFRICA: ‘THE WIND OF CHANGE IS BLOWING’......Page 105
KUWAIT: ‘EXPENSIVE TO STAY; HARD TO GET OUT’......Page 106
ADEN: ‘TOLPUDDLE MARTYRS OF THE MIDDLE EAST’......Page 107
‘SOCIALISM THAT DARES NOT IS BOUND TO FAIL’......Page 108
 H-BOMB: ‘NAKED INTO THE CONFERENCE CHAMBER’......Page 111
NEW LEFT: A ‘SENSE OF OUTRAGE’......Page 112
LABOUR’S ‘CLASS IMAGE’......Page 114
‘PACIFISTS, UNILATERALISTS AND FELLOW-TRAVELLERS’......Page 116
EEC: ‘THE END OF A THOUSAND YEARS OF HISTORY’......Page 117
EEC: ‘NO THREE CHEERS FOR BRITISH ENTRY’......Page 118
ECONOMIC TROUBLES: THE ‘GUIDING LIGHT’......Page 120
MAC THE KNIFE’S ‘JULY MASSACRE’......Page 121
 ‘SPECULATORS…HOLDING COMMUNITY TO RANSOM’......Page 122
PROFUMO: ‘TAWDRY CYNICISM’......Page 123
HOME PREMIER: ‘BAD JOKE OF DEMOCRACY’......Page 124
 BRITAIN: ‘RELEGATED TO…THIRD-CLASS’?......Page 126
CHILDREN: ‘IF THEY BELIEVE THEY’RE SECOND CLASS’......Page 127
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS: ‘A DIVISIVE FACTOR’......Page 128
WILSON: ‘LET’S GO WITH LABOUR’......Page 129
KENNEDY SHOT: ‘I DIDN’T BELIEVE IT’.......Page 130
ELECTION ’64: ‘THINGS MIGHT START SLIPPING’......Page 131
NOTES......Page 132
WILSON: ‘A MODERN COUNTERPART OF RICHARD III’......Page 137
CIVIL SERVICE: ‘EXCESSIVE POWER’......Page 139
LABOUR: ‘TREATED AS SHIPS PASSING IN THE NIGHT’......Page 141
STERLING: ‘A SYMBOL OF NATIONAL PRIDE’......Page 142
 BROWN AT THE DEA......Page 143
DEFENCE: ‘THEY WANT US WITH THEM’......Page 144
TECHNOLOGY: BRITAIN’S ‘INABILITY TO STAY IN THE BIG LEAGUE’......Page 146
RHODESIA: ‘HER CONSCIENCE HAS HAUNTED HIM’......Page 147
HEATH REPLACES HOME: ‘NO GRATITUDE IN POLITICS’......Page 148
 WILSON’S 1966 VICTORY: TIMING ‘WAS FAULTLESS’......Page 150
‘LABOUR GOVERNMENT IS REALLY FINISHED’......Page 151
CRISIS, 1966: ‘THE FRAILTY OF A CHANCELLOR’S HOPES’......Page 152
IRC: ‘A KIND OF GOVERNMENT-SPONSORED MERCHANT BANK’......Page 154
RHODESIA: ‘ROUND AND ROUND IN CIRCLES’......Page 155
WAR IN NIGERIA......Page 157
ANGUILLA: ‘MOCK-GUNBOAT DIPLOMACY’......Page 158
EEC: ‘GET US IN SO WE CAN TAKE THE LEAD’......Page 159
DEVALUATION: ‘THE MONEY IN OUR POCKETS’......Page 160
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: ‘COMMITTING POLITICAL SUICIDE’?......Page 161
CUTTING DEFENCE: ‘WE WERE ALL DOGS’......Page 163
A ‘POST-MIDNIGHT’ PRIVY COUNCIL......Page 164
STUDENT PROTESTS: ‘NASTY TOUCH OF AUTHORITARIANISM’......Page 165
IMMIGRATION: THIS ‘DISTASTEFUL NECESSITY’......Page 166
POWELL: ‘A NATION…HEAPING UP ITS OWN FUNERAL PYRE’......Page 168
NORTHERN IRELAND: ‘BLATANT DISCRIMINATION’......Page 169
COMMONS ‘SPELLBOUND’......Page 171
LORDS ‘FRUSTRATE…ELECTED GOVERNMENT’......Page 172
DAVID STEEL: EXCEPTIONAL COURAGE......Page 173
NOTES......Page 175
DOWNING STREET: ‘THE SHUTTERS WERE FASTENED’......Page 180
‘RESTRICT PROVISION TO…WHERE IT IS MORE EFFICIENT’......Page 181
INDUSTRIAL RELATIONS: ‘ALL HELL WILL BE LET LOOSE’......Page 183
LOCAL GOVERNMENT REFORM: ‘EXPENSE…NOT ADEQUATELY FACED’......Page 184
CORRUPTION: ‘NO OPTION BUT TO RESIGN’......Page 185
NORTHERN IRELAND: ‘SEVERE DISCRIMINATION’......Page 186
IMMIGRATION: ‘ONLY IN…SPECIAL CASES’......Page 188
EEC: ‘SOMETHING TO GET US GOING AGAIN’......Page 189
OIL CRISIS: ‘DANEGELD IS DANEGELD’......Page 190
MINERS’ STRIKE: ‘IT LOOKED AS IF WE WERE NOT INTERESTED’......Page 192
ELECTION ’74: POWELL—‘VOTE LABOUR’......Page 193
NOTES......Page 194
WILSON’S CABINET: ‘BUOYANT ATMOSPHERE’......Page 196
NORTHERN IRELAND: ‘CONSIDERING…TOTAL WITHDRAWAL’......Page 198
ELECTION OCTOBER ’74: ‘FIGHTING LIKE HELL’......Page 199
THATCHER: ‘SHATTERING BLOW…TO… CONSERVATIVE ESTABLISHMENT’......Page 201
A DECADE OF WOMEN’S LIBERATION......Page 203
EEC REFERENDUM: WILSON FOUGHT ‘LIKE A TIGER’......Page 206
INDUSTRY: ‘THE GAP GETS WIDER EACH YEAR’......Page 208
WILSON GOES: ‘ASTONISHED CABINET’......Page 211
STEEL: ‘QUIET EXTERIOR…DETERMINED MAN’......Page 212
CRIME: ‘VIOLENCE…A NATURAL ASPECT OF SOCIETY’......Page 213
NORTHERN IRELAND: ‘HOPE TO A TRAGIC COMMUNITY’......Page 215
BULLOCK: ‘MORE THOUGHTFUL…MANAGEMENT’......Page 217
PAY POLICY: ‘ANKLE-DEEP IN MUCK AND SLIME’......Page 219
DEVOLUTION REFERENDA: ‘THE VALLEYS WERE DEAF’......Page 222
ELECTION ’79: CRADLED ‘A CALF IN MY ARMS’......Page 224
NOTES......Page 225
THATCHER’S CABINET: NO ‘EXPERIENCE OF RUNNING A WHELK-STALL’......Page 229
THATCHERISM: ‘MONEY…OPENS…ASTONISHING RANGE OF CHOICE’......Page 230
BUDGET ’79: ‘AN ENORMOUS SHOCK’......Page 231
 THATCHER: ‘JE NE L’AIME’......Page 232
RHODESIA TO ZIMBABWE: ‘THE LARGE GAMBLE’......Page 233
LABOUR: ‘AN ANGRY CONFERENCE’......Page 235
SDP: ‘THE CHOICE…WILL BE DEEPLY PAINFUL’......Page 236
THATCHER: ‘I TOO BECAME EXTREMELY ANGRY’......Page 239
‘WHY BRITAIN BURNS’......Page 240
THE FALKLANDS: ‘PICKING UP THE REMAINS…IN PLASTIC BAGS’......Page 241
ELECTION ’83: ‘LONGEST SUICIDE NOTE IN HISTORY’......Page 245
NOTES......Page 247
GRENADA: GOVERNMENT ‘HUMILIATED’......Page 249
SCARGILL: ‘NORTHERN CLUBLAND HUMOUR AND POPULARIST SOCIALISM’......Page 251
MI5 ‘CONTROLS THE HIRING AND FIRING OF BBC STAFF’......Page 253
1985: ‘GOVERNMENT BY SLOGAN’......Page 256
THE ANGLO-IRISH AGREEMENT: ‘TREACHERY’......Page 257
PRIVATIZATION: ‘SELLING OFF THE FAMILY SILVER’......Page 258
CONFUSION ON DEFENCE......Page 261
THATCHER’S HAT-TRICK......Page 262
BBC: ‘LACK OF BALANCE’?......Page 263
‘GREED IS GOOD’......Page 266
RUSHDIE: ‘PRISONER IN HIS OWN COUNTRY’......Page 268
FOOTBALL HOOLIGANISM......Page 269
PRISON RIOTS/CONVICTIONS ‘FLAWED’......Page 270
EDUCATIONAL REFORM: ‘LECTURERS’ PAY…BUYS LESS’......Page 272
NHS: ‘TERMINALLY ILL’?......Page 274
IRA: ‘THOSE KILLED…NOT…CARRYING ARMS’......Page 275
GOODBYE SDP......Page 276
‘DISASTER OF THE POLL-TAX’......Page 277
‘SOME…IDENTIKIT EUROPEAN PERSONALITY’......Page 278
THATCHER’S LAST CABINET......Page 279
THATCHER’S FALL: ‘FEW…SPARED A MOMENT TO REGRET’......Page 280
NOTES......Page 281
JOHN MAJOR: ‘CABINET NO LONGER… CONFRONTATION’......Page 286
WAR IN THE GULF......Page 287
MAASTRICHT: BRITAIN ‘AT THE HEART OF EUROPE’?......Page 289
ELECTION 1992: MAJOR DEFIES THE ODDS......Page 290
EURO ’94: LABOUR’S NEW HOPES......Page 292
LITERATURE: ‘OVER 8,000 NOVELS’......Page 293
‘IT’S ALL OVER NOW FOR ENGLAND’......Page 295
CLINTON IN IRELAND: ‘MAKING A MIRACLE’......Page 296
MAD COWS AND ENGLISHMEN......Page 298
CONSERVATIVES’ WAR: ‘PUT UP OR SHUT UP’......Page 299
BOSNIA: ‘HELL’S KITCHEN WAS COOKING’......Page 300
CHANGING BRITAIN......Page 301
LOTTERY FEVER......Page 303
THE ‘SLEAZE FACTOR’......Page 304
MONARCHY IN CRISIS......Page 306
FAREWELL TO CASTLEMARTIN......Page 307
FORMER MINISTERS: ‘SHAMELESSNESS OF THIS MOVE…’......Page 308
NEW LABOUR: ‘PLEDGE TO RICH’......Page 309
 ‘FROM INEQUITABLE TO INHUMAN’......Page 310
ELECTION ’97: ‘DEEP NATIONAL IMPATIENCE’......Page 311
RESULTS: ‘A TIDAL WAVE…’ OVER THE CONSERVATIVES......Page 313
NOTES......Page 316
BLAIR’S CABINET......Page 319
LIBERAL DEMOCRATS: ASHDOWN GOES......Page 321
 DECLINE OF POLITICAL INTEREST?......Page 322
COMING OUT......Page 323
TASKFORCES: ‘A MUCH WIDER SOURCE OF ADVICE’?......Page 325
DEVOLUTION AND CONSTITUTIONAL CHANGE......Page 326
NOT IN EUROLAND......Page 328
CONFLICT IN KOSOVO......Page 329
‘SAS TRAIN ANTI-FRAUD OFFICERS’......Page 331
LONG NEGOTIATIONS IN NORTHERN IRELAND......Page 332
UNIVERSITIES: ‘INCREASINGLY…GLOBAL’......Page 334
 PRIMARY EDUCATION......Page 335
NHS: ‘STEADILY TO DETERIORATE’?......Page 336
WEALTH AND SOCIAL JUSTICE......Page 337
PRIVATIZATION AND SAFETY......Page 338
RACISM IN POLICE......Page 340
How were Britain’s ethnic communities faring at the end of the century?......Page 341
Firearms offences: ‘Enough is Enough’......Page 342
CELEBRATING THE MILLENNIUM......Page 344
WOMEN 2000......Page 346
LONELY BRITAIN?......Page 347
 CONSERVATIVE PARTY PROBLEMS CONTINUE......Page 348
 BLAIR CULT......Page 350
LONDON: ‘DANGEROUS BUFFOON’ BEATS PARTY MACHINES......Page 351
NOTES......Page 353
APPENDIX: TABLES......Page 356
BIOGRAPHY AND AUTOBIOGRAPHY......Page 364
DEFENCE, EMPIRE, FOREIGN POLICY, FOREIGN STATES......Page 368
ECONOMIC, EDUCATIONAL AND SOCIAL POLICY......Page 370
GOVERNMENT, PARLIAMENT AND ADMINISTRATION......Page 371
NORTHERN IRELAND......Page 372
OFFICIAL DOCUMENTS......Page 373
BOOKS......Page 374
INTERNET MATERIAL......Page 375
INDEX......Page 376