Breastfeeding and food policy in a hungry world

Title Page\r......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Table of Contents......Page 6
Preface......Page 12
Acknowledgments......Page 16
Section One: Historical and World Perspectives on Breastfeeding......Page 18
CHAPTER 1. FAMILY CONTEXTS OF BREASTFEEDING......Page 20
INTRODUCTION......Page 42
PATTERNS OF INFANT FEEDING......Page 43
MOTHERING THE MOTHERS......Page 45
FOUR MODERN LIFESTYLES......Page 47
SUMMARY......Page 49
A RECOMMENDATION......Page 50
Section Two: Cultural Factors in Infant Feeding Practices......Page 52
CHAPTER 3. BREASTFEEDING AND WEANING IN TWO INDIAN VILLAGES......Page 54
APPENDIX I......Page 60
CHAPTER 4. SOME PATTERNS OF FEEDING AND SUPPORT AMONG THE IGOROT OF SAGADA......Page 62
CHAPTER 5. BREASTFEEDING PRACTICES AMONG URBAN WOMEN IN IBADAN, NIGERIA......Page 68
THE ETHNOHISTORICAL SETTING......Page 76
THE INDIVIDUAL......Page 77
THE COMMUNITY......Page 78
THE RESEARCH......Page 79
RECOMMENDATIONS......Page 82
INTRODUCTION......Page 84
PASTORAL IMAGERY......Page 85
NATIONAL INFLUENCES......Page 86
LOSS OF SUPPORTS OF A RELIGIOUS WORLDVIEW......Page 87
BELIEF SYSTEM......Page 89
INDIVIDUAL OPTIONS......Page 90
CONCLUSION......Page 91
CHAPTER 8. MODERNIZATION AND CHANGING PATTERNS IN BREASTFEEDING: THE SARDINIAN CASE......Page 92
CHAPTER 9. BREASTFEEDING IN A DEVELOPING COUNTRY THE PEOPLES REPUBLIC OF CHINA......Page 98
CHAPTER 10. TRADITIONAL BREASTFEEDING METHODS IN MEXICO......Page 104
Section Three: Economic and Commercial Aspects of Infant Weaning Foods......Page 114
ECONOMIC ASSISTANCE PROGRAM......Page 116
NATIONAL DAIRY INDUSTRIES PROGRAMS......Page 120
CURRENT SITUATION......Page 122
FUTURE PROSPECTS FOR MILK SUPPLIES......Page 127
CHAPTER 13. POLITICAL-ECONOMIC FACTORS OF BREASTFEEDING......Page 132
CHAPTER 14. INTERNATIONAL PERSPECTIVES ON WEANING FOODS: THE ECONOMIC AND OTHER IMPLICATIONS OF BOTTLE FEEDING AND THE USE OF MANUFACTURED WEANING FOODS......Page 136
ECONOMIC IMPLICATIONS OF BOTTLE FEEDING......Page 137
WEANING FOODS......Page 139
DANGERS OF COMMERCIOGENIC NUTRITIOUS FOODS......Page 140
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR APPROPRIATE SUPPLEMENTARY FOODS......Page 141
RECOMMENDATIONS FOR THE PROMOTION OF BREASTFEEDING......Page 142
CONCLUSIONS......Page 143
CHAPTER 15. A PERSPECTIVE ON THE IMPACT OF INFANT FORMULA IN DEVELOPING NATIONS: FUTURE GOALS AND POLICIES......Page 146
INTRODUCTION......Page 154
Section Four: Physiological, Psychological, Public Health and Political Considerations in Human Lactation......Page 164
CHAPTER 17. PUBLIC HEALTH CONSIDERATIONS IN HUMAN LACTATION......Page 166
ECONOMICS......Page 170
INTRODUCTION......Page 172
SCOPE OF THE PROBLEMS......Page 173
EXAMPLES OF PRIMARY LEVEL CARE......Page 175
FINAL COMMENT......Page 177
INTRODUCTION......Page 180
BREASTFEEDING IN INFANCY......Page 181
MORTALITY FROM IMMATURITY AND NUTRITIONAL DEFICIENCY......Page 183
BIRTHWEIGHTS......Page 185
PROGRAM UNDERWAY IN BRAZIL......Page 188
CONCLUSIONS......Page 191
GROWTH AND ACCLIMATIZATION......Page 194
DIET AND CANCER......Page 195
INFANT FEEDING AND GROWTH......Page 196
CHAPTER 21. LACTATION PERFORMANCE AS A FUNCTION OF NUTRITION AND SOCIAL CLASS......Page 200
CHAPTER 22. BREASTFEEDING AND ITS RELATION TO MORPHOLOGICAL, BEHAVIORAL, AND PSYCHOCULTURAL DEVELOPMENT......Page 206
CHAPTER 23. EARLY MOTHER - INFANT CONTACT: EFFECTS ON BREASTFEEDING......Page 216
INTRODUCTION......Page 228
MOTIVATION FOR BIRTH SPACING TO PROTECT BREASTFEEDING (From Rosa 1976)......Page 231
CONCLUSION......Page 232
INTRODUCTION......Page 234
MILK COMPOSITION OF VARIOUS SPECIES......Page 235
LACTOSE......Page 236
FAT CONSTITUENTS......Page 237
PROTEIN CONSTITUENTS......Page 238
TAURINE AND OTHER NONPROTEIN NITROGEN (NPN) CONSTITUENTS......Page 241
CONCLUSIONS......Page 244
EVIDENCE THAT BREAST MILK IS PROTECTIVE TO THE HUMAN INFANT......Page 246
IN VITRO ACTIVITIES OF HUMAN MILK......Page 248
BREASTFEEDING AS A DYNAMIC IMMUNOLOGIC PROCESS......Page 249
CHAPTER 27. SECRETION OF FOREIGN SUBSTANCES IN BREAST MILK......Page 250
Section Five: Community and World Projects on Breastfeeding and Weaning Foods......Page 256
CHAPTER 28. NUTRITION IS MORE THAN AGRICULTURE......Page 258
CHAPTER 29. WORLD HEALTH ORGANIZATION PROGRAMS IN BREASTFEEDING......Page 262
INTRODUCTION......Page 270
PROMOTION OF BREASTFEEDING......Page 271
THE FUTURE......Page 275
INTRODUCTION......Page 276
INTRODUCTION......Page 282
NUTRITION EDUCATION PROGRAMS RELATING TO INFANT FEEDING......Page 283
RESEARCH PROJECTS......Page 284
INTRODUCTION......Page 286
GOVERNMENT HEALTH AND NUTRITION PROGRAMS......Page 287
INTEGRATED CHILD DEVELOPMENT SERVICES (ICDS)......Page 291
CONCLUSIONS......Page 292
CHAPTER 34. PROGRAMMING ALTERNATIVES IN HUMAN LACTATION: MATERNAL-CHILD-HEALTH PROGRAMS OF CARE IN INDIA......Page 294
CHARACTERISTICS OF NONFORMAL EDUCATION......Page 304
CHAPTER 36. PROGRAMS TO ENCOURAGE BREASTFEEDING IN THE DEVELOPING COUNTRIES......Page 312
Bibliography......Page 316
Biographical Notes......Page 338
Index......Page 346