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دانلود کتاب Brassica Improvement
دانلود کتاب بهبود Brassica
مشخصات کتاب
Brassica Improvement
ویرایش: 1st ed. 2020
نویسندگان: Wani
سری:
ISBN (شابک) : 3030346935, 9783030346935
ناشر: Springer
سال نشر: 2020
تعداد صفحات: 261
زبان: English
فرمت فایل : PDF (درصورت درخواست کاربر به PDF، EPUB یا AZW3 تبدیل می شود)
حجم فایل: 4 مگابایت
قیمت کتاب (تومان) : 36,000
در صورت تبدیل فایل کتاب Brassica Improvement به فرمت های PDF، EPUB، AZW3، MOBI و یا DJVU می توانید به پشتیبان اطلاع دهید تا فایل مورد نظر را تبدیل نمایند.
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توضیحاتی در مورد کتاب بهبود Brassica
جمعیت جهان با گامی نگران کننده در حال افزایش است و تا سال 2050 از 9.3 میلیارد نفر فراتر می رود، در حالی که به طور همزمان بهره وری کشاورزی به شدت تحت تأثیر تغییرات آب و هوایی است که منجر به افزایش تنش های زیستی و غیر زنده می شود. جنس Brassica متعلق به خانواده خردل است که اعضای آن به عنوان سبزیجات چلیپایی، کلم یا گیاهان خردل شناخته می شوند. کلزا-خردل سومین منبع مهم روغن خوراکی جهان بعد از سویا و روغن نخل است. به دلیل ترکیب نادری که از عوامل ارتقاء دهنده سلامت دارد، مقبولیت جهانی دارد. این روغن دارای سطوح بسیار پایین اسیدهای چرب اشباع شده است که آن را به سالم ترین روغن خوراکی رایج تبدیل می کند. جدا از این، به دلیل وجود توکوفرول ها و فیتواسترول ها در روغن، سرشار از آنتی اکسیدان است. محتوای بالای امگا 3 خطر آترواسکلروز / حمله قلبی را کاهش می دهد. روش‌های اصلاحی مرسوم با موفقیت محدودی در براسیکا مواجه شده‌اند، زیرا عملکرد و انعطاف‌پذیری به تنش صفات چند ژنی هستند و به شدت تحت تأثیر محیط قرار می‌گیرند. بنابراین، تسریع تلاش‌ها برای کشف مکانیسم‌های بیوشیمیایی، فیزیولوژیکی و مولکولی زیربنایی عملکرد، کیفیت و تحمل نسبت به تنش‌های زیستی و غیرزیستی در براسیکا ضروری است. برای بهره برداری کامل از پتانسیل آن، تلاش های سیستماتیک برای باز کردن اطلاعات ژنتیکی ژرم پلاسم های جدید که گرمای حالت اولیه و نهایی همراه با تنش رطوبتی را تحمل می کنند، مورد نیاز است. به عنوان مثال، اقوام وحشی ممکن است در ایجاد خطوط درونی و سنتز مجدد با ویژگی های مطلوب مورد سوء استفاده قرار گیرند. بهره برداری از هتروزیس یکی دیگر از زمینه های مهمی است که می توان با معرفی تراریخته ها برای ایجاد خطوط پایدار CMS به آن دست یافت. پرورش هاپلوئید مضاعف و انتخاب به کمک نشانگر باید همراه با اصلاح معمولی به کار گرفته شوند. برنامه های اصلاحی با هدف افزایش بهره وری استفاده از منابع، به ویژه مواد مغذی و آب و همچنین پذیرش تغییرات محیطی نابجا نیز باید در نظر گرفته شود. مداخلات بیوتکنولوژیکی برای تغییر مسیرهای بیوسنتزی برای ایجاد خطوط اولئیک بالا و لینولنیک کم ضروری است. بر این اساس، ابزارهایی مانند کشت میکروسپور و تخمک، نجات جنین، جداسازی ژن‌های خاص به ویژه برای شته، اسکلروتینیا و مقاومت در برابر سوختگی آلترناریا و غیره به همراه شناسایی لاین‌های بالقوه بر اساس تنوع ژنتیکی می‌تواند به برنامه‌های اصلاحی در حال انجام کمک کند. در این کتاب، مداخلات مولکولی، ژنتیکی و ژنومی اخیر انجام شده برای دستیابی به بهبود محصول از نظر افزایش عملکرد، کیفیت و تحمل به تنش در براسیکا، با تاکید ویژه در کلزا - خردل را برجسته می‌کنیم.
توضیحاتی درمورد کتاب به خارجی
Global population is mounting at an alarming stride to surpass 9.3 billion by 2050, whereas simultaneously the agricultural productivity is gravely affected by climate changes resulting in increased biotic and abiotic stresses. The genus Brassica belongs to the mustard family whose members are known as cruciferous vegetables, cabbages or mustard plants. Rapeseed-mustard is world’s third most important source of edible oil after soybean and oil palm. It has worldwide acceptance owing to its rare combination of health promoting factors. It has very low levels of saturated fatty acids which make it the healthiest edible oil that is commonly available. Apart from this, it is rich in antioxidants by virtue of tocopherols and phytosterols presence in the oil. The high omega 3 content reduces the risk of atherosclerosis/heart attack. Conventional breeding methods have met with limited success in Brassica because yield and stress resilience are polygenic traits and are greatly influenced byenvironment. Therefore, it is imperative to accelerate the efforts to unravel the biochemical, physiological and molecular mechanisms underlying yield, quality and tolerance towards biotic and abiotic stresses in Brassica. To exploit its fullest potential, systematic efforts are needed to unlock the genetic information for new germplasms that tolerate initial and terminal state heat coupled with moisture stress. For instance, wild relatives may be exploited in developing introgressed and resynthesized lines with desirable attributes. Exploitation of heterosis is another important area which can be achieved by introducing transgenics to raise stable CMS lines. Doubled haploid breeding and marker assisted selection should be employed along with conventional breeding. Breeding programmes aim at enhancing resource use efficiency, especially nutrient and water as well as adoption to aberrant environmental changes should also be considered. Biotechnological interventions are essential for altering the biosynthetic pathways for developing high oleic and low linolenic lines. Accordingly, tools such as microspore and ovule culture, embryo rescue, isolation of trait specific genes especially for aphid, Sclerotinia and alternaria blight resistance, etc. along with identification of potential lines based on genetic diversity can assist ongoing breeding programmes. In this book, we highlight the recent molecular, genetic and genomic interventions made to achieve crop improvement in terms of yield increase, quality and stress tolerance in Brassica, with a special emphasis in Rapeseed-mustard.
فهرست مطالب
Preface Contents About the Editors Utilization of Rapeseed-Mustard Genetic Resources for Brassica Improvement: A Retrospective Approach Introduction Narrow Genetic Base Among Rapeseed-Mustard Cultivars Current Objectives of Rapeseed-Mustard Crop Improvement Program in India Managing Rapeseed-Mustard Germplasm in Genebanks Ex Situ Collections Ex Situ Collection Sites of Oilseed Brassica Germplasm ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources (NBPGR), New Delhi Species-Wise Status of Brassica and Wild Relatives in National Genebank at NBPGR Conservation of Wild Relatives of Brassica in National Genebank at NBPGR Species-Wise Status of Oilseed Brassica Germplasm at ICAR-Directorate of Rapeseed-Mustard Research, Bharatpur Duplication, a Major Issue in Germplasm Conservation Documentation Information and Documentation Systems Rejuvenation of Rapeseed-Mustard Germplasm Augmentation of Rapeseed-Mustard Genetic Resources Introduction of Exotic Rapeseed-Mustard Germplasm Characterization and Evaluation of Rapeseed-Mustard Germplasm Characterization vs. Evaluation of Germplasm Accessions Importance of Utilizing Crop Germplasm Utilization of Rapeseed-Mustard Germplasm Identification of Trait-Specific Rapeseed-Mustard Germplasm for Crop Improvement Impediments in the Greater Use of PGRFA Strategic Research to Enhance the Use of Genetic Resources in Crop Improvement Programs Forming Core and Mini Core Collections Other Strategies Based on Geographic Descriptors (Passport Data) Pre-breeding in Oilseed Brassica Conclusion References Recent Advances in Cytoplasmic Male Sterility (CMS) in Crop Brassicas Introduction Cytoplasmic Male Sterility Mapping of Factors Related to Fertility Restoration Mapping of RF Elements Cloning of Causal Fertility Determinants Progress Toward Deciphering Male Sterility Determinants Marker-Assisted Selection and Hybrid Breeding Scope for Adoption of Modern Technologies Whole Transcriptome Profiling Whole Genome Sequencing of Mitochondria High-Throughput Sequencing and Degradome Analysis Proteomic Investigation Major Challenges and Potential Opportunities References Ancient and Recent Polyploid Evolution in Brassica Introduction The Genus Brassica: Diversity First Not Just U: Brassica Lineages Once Upon a Time: The Difficulties of Dating Two of Us Is One Too Many: Genome Fractionation Let’s Twist Again: Interspecific Hybridization All or Nothing: The First Generations After Polyploidization Successful Start-Ups: Species Establishment The Show Must Go On: Subspecies Formation and Adaptation Conclusions References Production and Application of Doubled Haploid in Brassica Improvement Introduction Haploid Production in Various Brassica sp. Through Anther and Microspore Culture Key Factors Affecting the Haploid Production in Different Brassica sp. Genotype of the Brassica sp. Environmental and Growth Conditions of the Plant Floral Bud Size Type and pH of the Nutrient Medium used for Microspore Embryogenesis Other Regulatory Factors Identification of Embryo Stage for Plant Development Conversion of Haploid Plants Regenerated through Microspore into Doubled Haploid In Vivo Haploid Inducer Line Development: A Novel Approach for Haploid Production Centromere Mediated Haploid Inducer Line Development in Arabidopsis thaliana and Maize Pollen Specific Phospholipase A Mediated Haploid Inducer Line Development in Maize and Rice Wide Hybridization and Recent Advances in Doubled Haploid Technology in Brassica sp. Various Applications of Doubled Haploid Technology in Brassica spp. Improvement in Quality, Yield and Disease Resistance Brassica Transformation using Microspore as an Explant Accelerated Brassica Breeding and Genomics through Doubled Haploid Technology Identification of Genes/Loci Related to Microspore Embryogenesis in Brassica sp. Challenges and Drawbacks of Doubled Haploid Technology References Tissue Culture-Mediated Biotechnological Advancements in Genus Brassica Introduction Importance of In Vitro Methods for Brassica Breeding and Propagation In Vitro Technique for Propagation: Micropropagation Explant Sources Hypocotyl Culture Shoot Tip Culture Cotyledon Culture Surface Disinfection Culture Condition Chemical Factors Basal Culture Medium Carbohydrate Source Plant Growth Regulator Multiple Shoot Regeneration Callogenesis In Vitro Rooting Acclimatization Genetic Clonality Somatic Embryogenesis Protoplast Culture Genetic Transformation Future Direction References Genetic Improvement of Oil Quality Using Molecular Techniques in Brassica juncea Introduction Fatty Acids Erucic Acid Oleic Acid Glucosinolates Tocopherols References Biofortification of Brassicas for Quality Improvement Introduction Different Approaches in Biofortification Agronomic Practices Zinc Boron P, K, and Fe Glucosinolates Oil and Protein Contents Fatty Acid Composition Other Beneficial Compounds Selenium Conventional Breeding Methods Erucic Acid Mineral Content Biotechnological Approaches Glucoraphanin Selenium Fatty Acid Composition Other Beneficial Compounds Limitations and Challenges Future Prospects References Genetics and Genomic Approaches for Disease Resistance in Brassicas Introduction Genetics of Disease Resistance in Crops Genome-Wide Identification of Resistance Genes Status of Resistance Gene Identification for Different Diseases in Brassicas Sclerotinia sclerotiorum (Stem Rot Disease) Plasmodiophora brassicae (Clubroot) Hyaloperonospora parasitica (Downy Mildew) Albugo candida (White Rust) Alternaria brassicae (Alternaria Blight) Identification of NBS-Encoding Genes in Brassicas References Arsenic Toxicity and Molecular Mechanism of Arsenic Tolerance in Different Members of Brassicaceae Introduction Arsenic as a Toxicant to Plants Arsenic Uptake Arsenate Uptake Arsenite Uptake MMA, DMA and Other Methylated Arsenic Species Arsenic Efflux Arsenic Transport Arsenic Toxicity and Damages with Changes in Metabolism Replacement of Inorganic Phosphate in Vital Biochemical Reactions Oxidative Stress Thiol Binding Nature of As (III) Disruption of N Assimilation by As (V) Affecting Carbon Metabolism Reduced Protein Abundance Mechanisms of As Tolerance in Plants Reduced Uptake of As Arsenate Reduction and Efflux Biotransformation and Volatilization of As Sequestration Within the Vacuoles as Inorganic As Chelation of Arsenite with Chelating Agents Translocation to the Shoot Hyperaccumulators Hyperaccumulators of As Different Species of Brassica as Hyperaccumulators As Hyperaccumulation in Members of Brassicaceae Biochemical and Molecular Responses of Different Brassica Species to As Conclusion Future Perspectives References Transgenic Approaches for Improvement of Brassica Species Introduction CRISPR/Cas9 for Improving Agronomic Traits in Brassica miRNAs for Brassica Improvement Biogenesis of miRNA miRNA Research in Brassica sp. and Possible Application Nutritional Enhancement in Brassicaceae Amino Acid Enhancement Antioxidant Enhancement Fatty Acid Enhancement Glucosinolate Content Transgenic Techniques for Abiotic Stress Tolerance in Brassica Na+/H+ Antiporter Osmolytes Late Embryogenesis Abundant (LEA) Antioxidants Dehydration-Responsive Element-Binding (DREB) Gene Glyoxalase I and II Lectin Abscisic Acid (ABA) Biotic Stress Alleviation Summary and Conclusion References Genetic Diversity Studies in Indian Mustard (Brassica juncea L. Czern & Coss) Using Molecular Markers Introduction Origin and Evolutionary History of Oilseed Brassicas Initiation of Molecular Markers Studies in Decoding Genetic Diversity in B. juncea RAPD Markers in Genetic Diversity Evaluation ISSR Markers in Genetic Diversity Evaluation RAPD in Combination with ISSR Markers in Genetic Diversity Evaluation RFLP Markers in Decoding Genetic Diversity AFLPs in Decoding Genetic Diversity Availability and Development of SSR Markers for B. juncea Cross-transferability of SSR Markers in B. juncea Genomic-SSR Markers in Genetic Diversity Estimation EST-SSR Markers in Genetic Diversity Evaluation Genomic- as well as EST-SSRs in Genetic Diversity Estimation Conclusion References Index
