Brain Edema IX: Proceedings of the Ninth International Symposium Tokyo, May 16–19, 1993

Front Matter....Pages I-XV
Front Matter....Pages 1-1
Evolution of Brain Edema Concepts....Pages 3-6
Neuron-Glial Interaction During Injury and Edema of the CNS....Pages 7-11
Mechanisms of Glutamate Induced Swelling in Astroglial Cells....Pages 12-14
Neuroprotective NMDA Antagonists: the Controversy over Their Potential for Adverse Effects on Cortical Neuronal Morphology....Pages 15-19
Mechanisms of Glial Swelling by Arachidonic Acid....Pages 20-23
Astrocyte Swelling in Liver Failure: Role of Glutamine and Benzodiazepines....Pages 24-27
The Role of K+ Influx on Glutamate Induced Astrocyte Swelling: Effect of Temperature....Pages 28-30
Differential Behavior of Glial and Neuronal Cells Exposed to Hypotonic Solution....Pages 31-33
The Regulation of Intracellular pH is Strongly Dependent on Extracellular pH in Cultured Rat Astrocytes and Neurons....Pages 34-37
Morphological Changes of Cultured Neuronal and Endothelial Cells by Human Albumin....Pages 38-40
Metabolic Alterations Accompany Ionic Disturbances and Cellular Swelling During a Hypoxic Insult to the Retina: an in vitro Study....Pages 41-44
Diffuse Astrocytic Swelling and Increased Second Messenger Activity Following Acute Haemophilus influenzae Meningitis —Evidence from a Rat Model....Pages 45-47
Front Matter....Pages 49-49
Leukocyte/Endothelial Interactions and Blood-Brain Barrier Permeability in Rats During Cerebral Superfusion with LTB 4 ....Pages 51-54
The Effect of Leukotriene C4 on the Permeability of Brain Capillary Endothelial Cell Monolayer....Pages 55-57
Modulation of Edema by Dizocilpine, Kynurenate, and NBQX in Respiring Brain Slices After Exposure to Glutamate....Pages 58-61
An Assessment of Progression of Brain Edema with Amino Acid Levels in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Changes in Electroencephalogram in an Adult Cat Model of Cold Brain Injury....Pages 62-64
Role of Serotonin and Prostaglandins in Brain Edema Induced by Heat Stress. An Experimental Study in the Young Rat....Pages 65-70
Arachidonic Acid Release and Permeability Changes Induced by Endothelins in Human Cerebromicrovascular Endothelium....Pages 71-75
The Role of Histamine in Brain Oedema Formation....Pages 76-78
Effects of Antihistaminics on Experimental Brain Edema....Pages 79-82
Front Matter....Pages 49-49
Causative Role of Lysosomal Enzymes in the Pathogenesis of Cerebral Lesions Due to Brain Edema Under Chronic Hypertension....Pages 83-85
A Novel Aspect of Thrombin in the Tissue Reaction Following Central Nervous System Injury....Pages 86-88
Proposed Toxic Oxidant Inhibitors Fail to Reduce Brain Edema....Pages 89-93
Involvement of Nitric Oxide and Free Radical (O 2 − ) in Neuronal Injury Induced by Deprivation of Oxygen and Glucose in vitro....Pages 94-97
The Endogenous Ouabain-Like Sodium Pump Inhibitor in Cold Injury-Induced Brain Edema....Pages 98-100
Effect of Steroids on Brain Lipocortin Immunoreactivity....Pages 101-103
The Effects of Atrial Natriuretic Peptide on Brain Edema, Intracranial Pressure and Cerebral Energy Metabolism in Rat Congenital Hydrocephalus....Pages 104-106
Front Matter....Pages 107-107
Molecular Biology of Blood-Brain Barrier Ontogenesis and Function....Pages 109-112
Effects of Protein Kinase C Activators on Na, K-ATPase Activity in Rat Brain Microvessels....Pages 113-115
Effect of Barrier Opening on Brain Edema in Human Brain Tumors....Pages 116-118
Simple Quantitative Evaluation of Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption in Vasogenic Brain Edema....Pages 119-120
Detection of Endogenous Albumin as an Index of Blood Parenchymal Border Alteration....Pages 121-123
Amino Acids in Extracellular Fluid in Vasogenic Brain Edema....Pages 124-127
Pharmacological Reduction of Brain Edema Induced by Intracarotid Infusion of Protamine Sulphate: a Comparison Between a Free Radical Scavenger and an AMPA Receptor Antagonist....Pages 128-131
Visual Evoked Responses as a Monitor of Intracranial Pressure During Hyperosmolar Blood-Brain Barrier Disruption....Pages 132-135
Early Changes of Blood-Brain Barrier and Superoxide Scavenging Activity in Rat Cryogenic Brain Injury....Pages 136-138
Evaluation of BBB Damage in an UV Irradiation Model by Endogenous Protein Tracers....Pages 139-141
Blood-Brain Barrier Opening Following Transient Reflex Sympathetic Hypertension....Pages 142-144
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
Morphology of Non-Vascular Intracerebral Fluid Spaces....Pages 147-150
Subcortical U-Fibers Layer Preservation in Brain Edema....Pages 151-154
Front Matter....Pages 145-145
Is the Swelling in Brain Edema Isotropic or Anisotropic?....Pages 155-157
Biomechanical Characteristics of Brain Edema: the Difference Between Vasogenic-Type and Cytotoxic-Type Edema....Pages 158-161
Experimental Quantitative Evaluation of Transvascular Removal of Unnecessary Substances in Brain Edema Fluid....Pages 162-164
Formation and Resolution of Brain Edema Associated with Brain Tumors. A Comprehensive Theoretical Model and Clinical Analysis....Pages 165-167
Medullary Cardiovascular Center and Acute Brain Swelling....Pages 168-170
Dysfunction of the Medullary Cardiovascular Center May Cause Acute Spinal Cord Swelling....Pages 171-173
CSF Dynamics in Patients with Meningiomas....Pages 174-175
Front Matter....Pages 177-177
Compartmental Analysis of Brain Edema Using Magnetic Resonance Imaging....Pages 179-183
A Thermal Clearance Probe for Continuous Monitoring of Cerebral Blood Flow....Pages 184-186
Measurement of in vivo Cortical Thermal Clearance in Man During Complete Circulatory Standstill....Pages 187-189
Cerebral Blood Flow of Rats with Water-Intoxicated Brain Edema....Pages 190-192
Focal Microvascular Occlusion After Acute Subdural Haematoma in the Rat: a Mechanism for Ischaemic Damage and Brain Swelling?....Pages 193-196
An Ischemic Opening of the Blood-Brain Barrier May Deteriorate Brain Stem Auditory Evoked Potentials Following Transient Hindbrain Ischemia in Gerbils....Pages 197-199
Memory Deficit Accompanying Cerebral Neurodegeneration After Stroke in Stroke-Prone Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats (SHRSP)....Pages 200-202
Neuro-Pathophysio-Biochemical Profiles of Neonatal Asphyxia....Pages 203-206
Magnetic Resonance Diffusion-Weighted Imaging: Sensitivity and Apparent Diffusion Constant in Stroke....Pages 207-210
Mechanisms of Brain Injury Associated with Partial and Complete Occlusion of the MCA in Cat....Pages 211-215
Diffusion Anisotropy of Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 216-219
A Sodium Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Acute Cerebral Ischaemia in the Gerbil....Pages 220-223
In vivo Differentiation of Edematous Changes After Stroke in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Using Diffusion Weighted MRI....Pages 224-227
Front Matter....Pages 177-177
Effect of Mannitol on Focal Cerebral Ischemia Evaluated by Magnetic Resonance Imaging....Pages 228-230
Front Matter....Pages 231-231
Blood-Damaged Tissue Interaction in Experimental Brain Ischemia....Pages 233-237
The Relationship Between Cerebral Ischemic Edema and Monoamines: Revisited....Pages 238-241
Free Fatty Acid Liberation and Cellular Swelling During Cerebral Ischemia: the Role of Excitatory Amino Acids....Pages 242-245
Severe Brain Edema Associated with Cumulative Effects of Hyponatremic Encephalopathy and Ischemic Hypoxia....Pages 246-249
Endogenous Superoxide Dismutase Activity in Reperfusion Injuries....Pages 250-252
Endogenous Opioid System Activity Following Temporary Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 253-256
P-Glycoprotein Expression in Brain Capillary Endothelial Cells After Focal Ischemia in Rat....Pages 257-260
Blood-Borne Macromolecule Induces FGF Receptor Gene Expression After Focal Ischemia....Pages 261-264
Expression of Basic Fibroblast Growth Factor in Astrocytes at the Site of Cerebral Lesions and Edematous Areas Under Chronic Hypertension....Pages 265-267
Cytochrome Oxidase and Hexokinase Activities in an Infusion Edema Model with Preserved Blood Flow....Pages 268-270
Blood-Brain Barrier, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Brain Edema in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats with Chronic Focal Ischemia....Pages 271-273
Abnormalities of the Blood-Brain Barrier in Global Cerebral Ischemia in Rats Due to Experimental Cardiac Arrest....Pages 274-276
Front Matter....Pages 277-277
Do N-methyl-D-aspartate Antagonists Have Disproportionately Greater Effects on Brain Swelling than on Ischemic Damage in Focal Cerebral Infarction?....Pages 279-281
The Effect of Age on Cerebral Oedema, Cerebral Infarction and Neuroprotective Potential in Experimental Occlusive Stroke....Pages 282-284
Temporal Profiles of Ca 2+ /Calmodulin-Dependent and -Independent Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in the Rat Brain Microvessels Following Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 285-288
Effect of a New Calcium Antagonist (SM-6586) on Experimental Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 289-292
The Effect of BAY K-8644 on Cytotoxic Edema Induced by Total Ischemia of Rat Brain....Pages 293-295
LTC 4 /LTB 4 Alterations in Rat Forebrain Ischemia and Reperfusion and Effects of AA-861, CV-3988....Pages 296-299
Blocking of Interleukin-1 Activity is a Beneficial Approach to Ischemia Brain Edema Formation....Pages 300-302
Front Matter....Pages 277-277
Complete Cerebral Ischemia, Prostacyclin Deficiency, and Therapeutic Possibilities....Pages 303-306
Histochemical Demonstration of Free Radicals (H2 2 O 2 ) in Ischemic Brain Edema and Protective Effects of Human Recombinant Superoxide Dismutase on Ischemic Neuronal Damage....Pages 307-309
Tirilazad Reduces Brain Edema After Middle Cerebral Artery Ligation in Hypertensive Rats....Pages 310-313
Riboflavin Reduces Edema in Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 314-317
Effect of YM737, a New Glutathione Analogue, on Ischemic Brain Edema....Pages 318-320
Comparison of the Effects of Glycerol, Mannitol, and Urea on Ischemic Hippocampal Damage in Gerbils....Pages 321-324
The Effect of Alkalizing Agents on Experimental Focal Cerebral Ischemia....Pages 325-328
Effect of Acetazolamide on Early Ischemic Cerebral Edema in Gerbils....Pages 329-331
Neurotropin Treatment of Brain Edema Accompanying Acute Middle Cerebral Artery Infarction....Pages 332-334
Anti-Ischemia Activity of HU-211, a Non-Psychotropic Synthetic Cannabinoid....Pages 335-337
Front Matter....Pages 339-339
Simultaneous Measurement of Bidirectional Capillary Permeability, Vascular Volume, Extracellular Space, and rCBF in Experimental Gliomas and Surrounding Edema....Pages 341-343
Quantitative Diffusion MR Imaging of Cerebral Tumor and Edema....Pages 344-346
Localization of Experimental Brain Tumors in MRI by Gadolinium Porphyrin....Pages 347-349
Proton MR Spectroscopy of Experimental Brain Tumors in vivo....Pages 350-352
MRI Contrast Enhancement by Mn-TPPS in Experimental Rat Brain Tumor with Peripheral Benzodiazepine Receptors....Pages 353-355
MRI Contrast Enhancement by Gd-DTPA-Monoclonal Antibody in 9L Glioma Rats....Pages 356-358
Front Matter....Pages 359-359
Peritumoral Edema in Meningioma: a Contrast Enhanced CT Study....Pages 361-364
A Study on Peritumoral Brain Edema Around Meningiomas by MRI and Contrast CT....Pages 365-368
Peritumoral Brain Edema and Cortical Damage by Meningioma....Pages 369-372
Formation and Resolution of Human Peritumoral Brain Edema....Pages 373-374
Front Matter....Pages 359-359
Peri-Tumoural Hypoxia in Human Brain: Peroperative Measurement of the Tissue Oxygen Tension Around Malignant Brain Tumours....Pages 375-377
Does Tumour Related Oedema Contribute to the Hypoxic Fraction of Human Brain Tumours?....Pages 378-380
Peritumoral Brain Edema Associated with Pediatric Brain Tumors: Characteristics of Peritumoral Edema in Developing Brain....Pages 381-383
Perivascular Edema Fluid Pathway in Astrocytic Tumors....Pages 384-386
The Plasma and CSF Vasopressin Levels in Brain Tumors with Brain Edema....Pages 387-389
The CSF Aldosterone in Brain Tumors with Brain Edema....Pages 390-394
Front Matter....Pages 395-395
The Effects of Topical Dexamethasone on Experimental Brain Tumors and Peritumoral Brain Edema....Pages 397-399
Effect of Histamine on the Blood-Tumor Barrier in Transplanted Rat Brain Tumors....Pages 400-402
Selective Increase in Blood-Tumor Barrier Permeability by Calcium Antagonists in Transplanted Rat Brain Tumors....Pages 403-405
Induced Hyperthermia in Brain Tissue in vivo....Pages 406-409
Partial Deuteration and Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB) Permeability....Pages 410-412
Quantitation of Peritumoural Oedema and the Effect of Steroids Using NMR-Relaxation Time Imaging and Blood-Brain Barrier Analysis....Pages 413-415
Resolution of Peritumoral Brain Edema Following Excision of Meningioma....Pages 416-418
Front Matter....Pages 419-419
Traumatic Brain Edema: an Overview....Pages 421-424
Growth Kinetics of a Primary Brain Tissue Necrosis from a Focal Lesion....Pages 425-427
Focal Brain Injury: Histological Evidence of Delayed Inflammatory Response in a New Rodent Model of Focal Cortical Injury....Pages 428-430
Development of Traumatic Brain Edema in Old versus Young Rats....Pages 431-433
Differences in Wound Healing Pattern Between Mature and Immature Brain Behavior of Extravasated Serum Protein....Pages 434-436
Dynamics of Posttraumatic Brain Swelling Following a Cryogenic Injury in Rats....Pages 437-439
Blood-Brain Barrier, Cerebral Blood Flow, and Cerebral Plasma Volume Immediately After Head Injury in the Rat....Pages 440-442
Front Matter....Pages 419-419
Long Term Exposure to Heat Reduces Edema Formation After Closed Head Injury in the Rat....Pages 443-445
Metabolic Changes Following Cortical Contusion: Relationships to Edema and Morphological Changes....Pages 446-448
Retraction Induced Brain Edema....Pages 449-451
The Cause of Acute Brain Swelling After the Closed Head Injury in Rats....Pages 452-455
Quantitative Analysis of Blood-Brain Barrier Damage in Two Models of Experimental Head Injury in the Rat....Pages 456-458
Transdural Cortical Stabbing Facilitates the Drainage of Edema Fluid Out of Cold-Injured Brain....Pages 459-461
Front Matter....Pages 463-463
Massive Astrocytic Swelling in Response to Extracellular Glutamate — a Possible Mechanism for Post-Traumatic Brain Swelling?....Pages 465-467
Testing of Cerebral Autoregulation in Head Injury by Waveform Analysis of Blood Flow Velocity and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure....Pages 468-471
Gadolinium DTPA-Enhanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Cerebral Contusions....Pages 472-474
Neurochemical Monitoring and On-Line pH Measurements Using Brain Microdialysis in Patients in Intensive Care....Pages 475-478
Regional Cerebral Blood Flow Trends in Head Injured Patients with Focal Contusions and Cerebral Edema....Pages 479-481
The Effect of Blood Volume Replacement on the Mortality of Head-Injured Patient....Pages 482-484
Monitoring of Rectal, Epidural, and Intraventricular Temperature in Neurosurgical Patients....Pages 485-487
Front Matter....Pages 489-489
A High-Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study of Experimental Vasogenic Brain Edema and its Response to AVS: 1,2-Bis (Nicotinamido)-Propane....Pages 491-493
7.2% NaCl/10% Dextran 60 versus 20% Mannitol for Treatment of Intracranial Hypertension....Pages 494-498
31P-Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopic Study on the Effect of Glycerol on Cold-Induced Brain Edema....Pages 499-501
Treatment of Vasogenic Brain Edema with Arginine Vasopressin Receptor Antagonist — an Experimental Study....Pages 502-504
Attenuation of Hemispheric Swelling Associated with Acute Subdural Hematomas by Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonist in Rats....Pages 505-507
Effect of Platelet-Activating Factor Antagonist on Brain Injury in Rats....Pages 508-510
Naloxone Reduces Alterations in Evoked Potentials and Edema in Trauma to the Rat Spinal Cord....Pages 511-515
Front Matter....Pages 489-489
21-Aminosteroid U-74389F Reduces Vasogenic Brain Edema....Pages 516-518
Effect of Torasemide on Intracranial Pressure, Mean Systemic Arterial Pressure, and Cerebral Perfusion Pressure in Experimental Brain Edema of the Rat....Pages 519-520
Administration of an Omega-Conopeptide One Hour Following Traumatic Brain Injury Reduces 45 Calcium Accumulation....Pages 521-523
Excitatory Amino Acid Release from Contused Brain Tissue into Surrounding Brain Areas....Pages 524-527
Combined Treatment with Nicardipine, Phenobarbital, and Methylprednisolone Ameliorates Vasogenic Brain Edema....Pages 528-530
Treatment of Traumatic Brain Edema by Multiple Doses of Mannitol....Pages 531-533
Therapeutical Efficacy of a Novel Chloride Transport Blocker and an IP 3 -Analogue in Vasogenic Brain Edema....Pages 534-537
Pharmacokinetic Study of Mannitol in Subjects with Increased ICP....Pages 538-540
Systemic Management of Cerebral Edema Based on a New Concept in Severe Head Injury Patients....Pages 541-543
Propofol Sedation in Severe Head Injury Fails to Control High ICP, but Reduces Brain Metabolism....Pages 544-546
High Colloid Oncotic Therapy for Contusional Brain Edema....Pages 547-549
Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics of Serum Glycerol in Patients with Brain Edema: Comparison of Oral and Intraveneous Administration....Pages 550-551
Front Matter....Pages 553-553
The Effects of Blood or Plasma Clot on Brain Edema in the Rat with Intracerebral Hemorrhage....Pages 555-557
Chronological Changes in Brain Edema Induced by Experimental Intracerebral Hematoma in Cats....Pages 558-560
Cerebral Oedema Following Intracerebral Haemorrhage: the Effect of the NMDA Receptor Antagonists MK-801 and D-CPPene....Pages 561-563
Sequential Change of Brain Edema by Semiquantitative Measurement on MRI in Patients with Hypertensive Intracerebral Hemorrhage....Pages 564-567
High Colloid Oncotic Therapy for Brain Edema with Cerebral Hemorrhage....Pages 568-570
Brain Osmolyte Content and Blood-Brain Barrier Water Permeability Surface Area Product in Osmotic Edema....Pages 571-573
A Square Signal Wave Method for Measurement of Brain Extra- and Intracellular Water Content....Pages 574-576
The Efficacy of Shunting the Hydrocephalic Edema....Pages 577-581
Back Matter....Pages 583-589