Boundaries and Borderlands: A Century after the 1914 Simla Convention

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
Figures
Maps
Contributors
Foreword
Introduction
	Notes
Part 1 Simla Convention: Historical Perspectives
	1 The Simla Convention: Almost Aborted, Never Signed But Still Relevant
		A Bit of History
		The Position of Tawang
		Suzerainty and Sovereignty
		Preparing the Simla Convention
		Tortuous Negotiations
		The McMahon Line
		Notes
		References
	2 The 1914 Simla Convention: British Diplomacy and Strategy
		The Making of the Simla Convention
		The Meeting
		Mcmahon’s Negotiating Strategy
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	3 Toward Simla: Proposing Provinces and Claiming Territory On the Tibetan Plateau
		Imperial Proposals
		Republican Actions
		Almost a Province
		Notes
		References
	4 The Nationalist Government’s Reactions to Sino-Indian War and the Border Issue: An Analysis of ROC Diplomatic Archives …
		Introduction
		India-China Border and the Issue of Tibet: Views From Taipei
		Nationalist Government’s Reactions to the India-China War
		India-ROC Government Contacts 1963–1964
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part 2 Boundaries
	5 What Happened to the McMahon Line?: British Handling of the Boundary, 1914–1947
		Prologomenon
		Eastern Section
		Western Section
		Nevill’s Visit to Tawang
		Later Events
		British Attitude Towards Tawang
		Note
		References
	6 The Abors of NEFA: A Historical Perspective
		Abors in the British History of India
		Where Is ‘Aborland’?
		The Abor’s Relations With Other Tribes and the British
		Anglo–Abor War: Conflicting Suzerainty
		Anglo-Abor War (1911–1912): Local Expressions of Sino-British Expansionism
		The Abors in NEFA – a Post–1949 Assessment
		Notes
		References
	7 The McMahon Line: View From the Ground
		Introduction
		The McMahon Line
		Tibet’s Role in Tawang
		India in Tawang
		The Takeover of Tawang
		Dalai Lama Enters India
		1962 Border War
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	8 Simla, MCMahon Line, and South Tibet: Debates in China On Losing Territory to India
		Introduction
		Importance of the Public Debates in China’s Foreign Policy Decision-Making
		1962 Boundary War: ‘Self-Defensive Counter-Attack’
		Should China Seriously Consider Abandoning ‘South Tibet’?
		Chinese Views On the Historical Background to the Boundary Dispute
		‘South Tibetization’ of Chinese Territory
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
Part 3 Borderlands
	9 Zhemengxiong as Depicted in Qing Official Documents: Exploring Sikkim’s Cultural and Commercial Ties With Tibet in Light …
		Introduction
		An Understanding of the Geopolitics of Asia at the Dawn of the Nineteenth Century
		Consolidating Cartographic Traditions and Intelligence Gathering
		Glimpses of Qing China’s Early Eighteenth-Century Understanding of British India
		Eighteenth-Century British India’s Perspectives On Tibet and the Sub-Himalayan Regions
		Bogle’s Mission
		Eighteenth-Century Reflections of British India’s Approach to Qing China
		Macartney Mission
		The Mission of Lord Macartney, One of Britain’s Most Experienced and Able Diplomats, to China in 1793–1794 Has Been Studied …
		Intricate Balance in Tibet’s Eighteenth-Century Understanding of British India and Qing China
		Tibet: British Protectorate Or Qing Suzerain State? Tibet’s Fate in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries
		Exploring Sikkim’s Political Ties With Tibet in the Light of Changing Asian Perceptions During the Eighteenth and ...
		The Anthropology of the Ancient Tea Horse Trade Route: Yunnan, Tibet, and Sikkim
		The Sikkim Connection
		Reassessment of Asian Diplomacy in the Wake of the Simla Convention
		Revisiting the Simla Convention
		Notes
		References
	10 Reimagining the Himalayan Borderland: A Case Study of the Himachal Sector
		Introduction
		Research Setting and Methods
		Critique of the Governance of the Border Areas
		Importance of Cross-Border Socioeconomic Connections
		Historical Exchanges
		Arbitrariness and Confusion of Maps
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	11 Minorities in India and China: Conceptual and Historical Considerations
		Building a Conceptual Framework
		Historicizing the Fundamental Issues: Borders and Minorities
		The Simla Accord of 1914 and Contesting Ideas of Territoriality in Tibet
		Conceptualizing Minorities and Autonomy in India and China
		Conclusions
		The Party System
		Notes
		References
Part 4 Postscript
	12 A Brief Historical Account of the Delimitation of the Sino-Tibet Boundary and the Demand for ‘Greater’ Tibet
		The Contention of the CTA
			(a) Article 4 of the Constitution
			(b) Preamble of National Regional Autonomy Law
		‘Memorandum On Genuine Autonomy for the Tibetan People’
		Chinese Contention
		Historical Background
		Principal Semi-Independent Native States and Lama Principalities of Eastern Tibet
		Chinese Campaigns and Advance to Lhasa – 1905–1910
		1912–1914: Chinese Driven Out of Tibet as Far as the Mekong
		Simla Agreement 1914
		1917–1918 Chinese Aggression in East Tibet
		1919 Chinese Proposal for a Settlement
		1931–1932 Tibetans Attack and Reach Kanze
		The 1934 Visit of General Huang Mu Sung
		1942–1943: Tensions and Troop Movements On the Tibet-Xinghai Border
		17-Point Agreement of 1951
		Summary of History
		Conclusion
		Notes
		References
	13 Could Confucius Resolve the ‘Tibet Question’?
		Confucius Reborn
		What Is the ‘Tibet Question’?
		Background to the Tibet Conundrum
		Winners and Losers
		Enter … Confucius
		Problem-solving and ‘The Rectification of Names’
		The Non-Negotiable Core Issues, and the Negotiating Strategy
		Thoughts On the ‘Middle Path’ Formula: No ‘Greater Tibet’ . . .
		. . . but a Number of Little Ones Instead?
		Confucius and Good Governance
		Confucius and Tibetan Buddhist Spirituality
		Self-immolations and the Concepts of ‘Ren’ and ‘Shu’
		Engaging With the Dalai Lama
		How to Bell the Cat?
		Why Xi Should Move Now On the ‘Tibet Question’
		Finale … and Confucius Moves On
		References
Part Tribute
	14 Professor Parshotam Lal Mehra (15 July 1920– 16 December 2013): A Personal Tribute
Index