Book of SCSI 2/E: I/O for the New Millennium

CONTENTS IN DETAIL......Page 6
INTRODUCTION......Page 21
A Few Well-Chosen Words......Page 24
Intelligent Life......Page 26
SCSI-2: The First Major Improvement......Page 27
New and Improved SCSI......Page 28
Wide SCSI: Two Lanes Are Better Than One......Page 29
SCSI-3 Is on Its Way......Page 30
Serial versus Parallel......Page 31
Multi-Platform Capability......Page 32
External Device Support......Page 34
Cost......Page 35
. . . but Not a Panacea......Page 36
Hard Disks......Page 38
Sidebar: Terminology Wars......Page 39
Digital Audio Tape (DDS DAT)......Page 40
Magneto-Optical (MO) Drives......Page 41
CD-ROM Recorders (CD-R and CD-RW)......Page 42
Printers and Scanners......Page 43
Variety Is the Spice of Life......Page 44
Ch 2: A LOOK AT SCSI-3......Page 45
Sidebar: What’s in a Name?......Page 47
Parallel SCSI......Page 49
Serial SCSI......Page 51
SCSI’s Greatest Value: The Command Sets......Page 53
Is SCSI-3 Done Yet?......Page 54
SCSI Devices Can Be Initiators or Targets......Page 55
SCSI IDs and LUNs Identify Individual SCSI Devices......Page 56
The SCSI Bus Allows Communication Between Your Computer and Your SCSI Devices......Page 57
Types of SCSI Buses......Page 58
Sidebar: The Differences Between Single-Ended and Differential SCSI......Page 59
SCSI Cables and Connectors......Page 61
Adapters......Page 62
Terminating the SCSI Bus......Page 64
The SCSI Bus Is a Transmission Line......Page 65
What’s That He Said?......Page 66
Active Termination......Page 67
Don’t Forget Differential......Page 68
Sidebar: Active Termination in Detail......Page 69
Sidebar: How Parity Checking Works......Page 70
Using Parity Checking......Page 71
Asynchronous Communication......Page 72
Disconnect/Reconnect......Page 73
Once More for Luck......Page 75
Ch 4: ADDING SCSI TO YOUR PC......Page 76
A Bus by Any Other Name . . . ISA, EISA, MCA, VESA Local Bus, PCI, AGP......Page 77
Caching Host Adapter Cards Can Increase Performance......Page 78
Hardware Caching Can Duplicate Software Caching......Page 79
Which Form of Caching Is Right for You?......Page 80
BIOS on the Host Adapter Lets You Boot from SCSI Devices......Page 81
What Performance Level Do I Really Need?......Page 82
Setting the Port Address—the Front Door to the Interface......Page 83
Setting Interrupts......Page 84
Sidebar: A Note About Interrupts......Page 85
Using DMA for High-Speed Data Transfer......Page 86
Sidebar: Data Transfer Methods: DMA, Bus Mastering, Programmed I/O......Page 87
Install the Right Drivers......Page 89
Layered Drivers......Page 90
DOS Drivers......Page 91
Windows 3.1 Drivers......Page 94
Windows 95/98 Drivers......Page 95
Windows NT Drivers......Page 96
OS/2 Drivers......Page 97
Tips for a Successful Installation......Page 98
SCSI Hard Drives......Page 99
Ch 5: HOW TO CONNECT YOUR SCSI HARDWARE......Page 103
The Shorter, the Better......Page 104
Sidebar: Finding the Right Cable......Page 105
Internal versus External Cables......Page 107
Know Your Connectors......Page 109
Connecting Devices to the Bus......Page 111
Find Pin 1......Page 112
Terminating the SCSI Bus......Page 114
The Host Adapter Is a Device, Too......Page 115
Sidebar: Mix and Match: Combining Regular and Wide SCSI......Page 116
SCSI IDs......Page 118
Why Set One Device’s ID Higher than Another?......Page 119
Parity Checking......Page 120
That’s That, I Guess!......Page 121
Ch 6: TROUBLESHOOTING YOUR SCSI INSTALLATION......Page 122
Problem: Host Adapter Not Recognized by the System......Page 124
Problem: One Device Not Found......Page 126
Problem: No Device Found......Page 128
Problem: System Can’t Boot from SCSI Hard Disk......Page 129
Problem: Intermittent Lockups and Communication Errors......Page 131
Two Devices with the Same ID......Page 132
Termination......Page 134
Termination Power: Active versus Passive......Page 136
Cables......Page 137
Driver Problems......Page 138
Useful Tools......Page 141
An Intelligent Interface......Page 144
Initiators, Targets, and Logical Units......Page 145
Bus and Device Characteristics......Page 146
Initiators......Page 148
SCSI IDs......Page 149
Cable Evolution......Page 151
Data Bus Signals......Page 153
Control Signals......Page 154
The SCSI Protocol......Page 156
Phase Sequence Diagram......Page 159
Bus Phases......Page 162
Connect, Disconnect, and Reconnect Concepts......Page 163
Connect......Page 164
Disconnect......Page 166
Reconnect......Page 168
Tagged Command Queuing......Page 169
Information Transfer Phases......Page 170
Characteristics of the Information Transfer Phases......Page 173
MESSAGE Phase and Code Descriptions......Page 174
Protocol Example of a Synchronous Negotiation......Page 177
COMMAND Phase and Code Descriptions......Page 179
Status......Page 183
Check Condition......Page 184
Handshaking of Information......Page 185
Asynchronous Handshake Method......Page 186
Synchronous Handshake Method......Page 187
Ever Onward and Upward!......Page 189
In the Beginning . . .......Page 190
The PC BIOS......Page 191
MS-DOS Drivers......Page 192
Windows 95/98 Drivers......Page 193
Windows NT Drivers......Page 194
UNIX Drivers......Page 195
Enough Already!......Page 197
Ch 9: PERFORMANCE TUNING YOUR SCSI SUBSYSTEM......Page 198
SCSI Cable Types......Page 202
Active Termination......Page 203
Where to Terminate......Page 204
TERMPWR Bypassing......Page 205
Low Voltage Differential......Page 206
Let's See How We Did......Page 207
Keep Your Expectations Realistic......Page 208
Ch 10: RAID: REDUNDANT ARRAY OF INDEPENDENT DISKS......Page 209
RAID Levels......Page 210
RAID and the RAB......Page 217
How Does All This Stuff Connect to My System?......Page 220
Software RAID......Page 221
Ch 11: A PROFILE OF ASPI PROGRAMMING......Page 222
ASPI Developer Information......Page 223
Accessing ASPI......Page 224
Closing ASPI......Page 225
Calling ASPI......Page 226
Command Codes......Page 227
ASPI Command Codes......Page 228
ASPI for Windows Specification......Page 238
GetASPISupportInfo......Page 239
SendASPICommand—SC_HA_INQUIRY......Page 241
SendASPICommand—SC_GET_DEV_TYPE......Page 243
SendASPICommand—SC_EXEC_SCSI_CMD......Page 245
SendASPICommand—SC_ABORT_SRB......Page 250
SendASPICommand—SC_RESET_DEV......Page 252
ASPI Polling......Page 255
ASPI Posting......Page 256
Miscellaneous......Page 258
Error Codes and Messages......Page 259
ASPI for Win32 Specification......Page 260
Programming Conventions......Page 261
Explicit Dynamic Linking......Page 262
GetASPI32SupportInfo......Page 264
SendASPI32Command......Page 265
SC_HA_INQUIRY......Page 267
SC_GET_DEV_TYPE......Page 270
SC_EXEC_SCSI_CMD......Page 272
SC_ABORT_SRB......Page 276
SC_RESET_DEV......Page 278
SC_GET_DISK_INFO......Page 280
SC_RESCAN_SCSI_BUS......Page 282
SC_GETSET_TIMEOUTS......Page 283
GetASPI32Buffer......Page 286
FreeASPI32Buffer......Page 287
TranslateASPI32Address......Page 288
Event Notification......Page 290
Posting......Page 291
Polling......Page 292
ASPI for Win 32 Errors......Page 293
ASPI for OS/2 Specification......Page 296
Accessing ASPI at Initialization Time......Page 297
Target Allocation with OS/2 2. x......Page 298
SCSI Request Block (SRB)......Page 299
Valid ASPI Command Codes......Page 300
ASPI Command Code = 0: Host Adapter Inquiry......Page 301
ASPI Command Code = 1: Get Device Type......Page 302
ASPI Command Code = 2: Execute SCSI I/O Command......Page 303
The SCSI Request Flags Byte Is Defined As Follows......Page 304
ASPI Command Code = 3: Abort SCSI I/O Request......Page 307
ASPI Command Code = 4: Reset SCSI Device......Page 308
ASPI for NetWare Specification......Page 309
Assembly Example......Page 310
SCSI Request Flags......Page 311
ASPI Status Bytes......Page 312
Handling Greater Than 16 MB......Page 320
Host Adapters Handling EISA or PCI Mode Host Transfers......Page 321
How Do I Find Out If the ASPI Manager Loaded Supports This New Feature?......Page 322
The New Definition for this Byte is as Follows......Page 325
If You Can’t Beat ’em, Buy ’em!......Page 326
IEEE 1394......Page 327
Storage Area Networks......Page 328
App A: ALL-PLATFORM TECHNICAL REFERENCE......Page 330
Single-Ended SCSI Interface......Page 331
Differential SCSI Interfaces......Page 332
Internal Cables......Page 334
External Cables......Page 335
Connector Specs......Page 336
Unshielded Connectors......Page 338
Shielded Connectors......Page 344
Vendor-Specific SCSI Connectors......Page 350
Obsolete Connectors......Page 354
SCSI Bus Signals......Page 359
Bus Phases and Conditions......Page 360
Phase Sequence......Page 362
Bus Timing......Page 364
Termination......Page 369
Termination Circuits......Page 371
App B: PC TECHNICAL REFERENCE......Page 375
App C: A LOOK AT SCSI TEST EQUIPMENT......Page 379
Rent or Buy?......Page 380
Analyzer Output......Page 381
Manufacturers......Page 382
SCSI......Page 383
Speed—and Why It Isn’t Everything......Page 384
I/O Device Independence and Multitasking......Page 385
Cable Length—and What It Means in Real Life......Page 386
What to Choose?......Page 387
Consider Your Requirements......Page 388
The Bottom Line......Page 389
Program Structure......Page 390
Why Use Three Layers?......Page 391
Implementation of the Load/Eject Functionality in ASPI_Interface......Page 397
Implementation of the Load/Eject Functionality in the GUI......Page 401
A-B......Page 403
C-D......Page 404
E-F......Page 405
G-I......Page 406
J-L......Page 407
M-R......Page 408
S......Page 409
T-U......Page 410
W, X......Page 411