Bonnard and the Nabis

Energy Security in Asean +6
Abstract
Highlights
Executive summary
	Oil
	Natural gas
	Electricity
1. Overview
	Introduction
	Current market features and the evolving energy landscape
		China
		India
		Southeast Asia
		Japan
		Korea
		Australia
		New Zealand
	Increasing regional interdependence and risk factors (bottlenecks, inflexibilities)
		Import dependence
		Chokepoints
2. Oil security in ASEAN+6
	Evolving oil market situation
		Global oil demand by sectors
		Global oil supply
		Trade: Increasing import dependence for crude oil
	Emergency oil stockholding
		Different stockholding structures in IEA member countries
		Crude or products
		Stocks held abroad and tickets
	IEA emergency response
		Past supply disruptions and collective actions
	Broadening collective security
		Building emergency preparedness: Operational bodies
		Improving energy security through better data
		Emergency response plan and strengthening communication links
		Regional co-operation to improve energy security
			Bilateral ticketing
			Long-term use of storage facilities in other countries
			Joint stockpiling arrangements
	Stockholding situations of non-IEA countries in ASEAN+6
		China
		India
		ASEAN
			Brunei
			Cambodia
			Indonesia
			Lao PDR
			Malaysia
		Myanmar
		The Philippines
		Singapore
		Thailand
		Viet Nam
3. Gas Security in ASEAN+6
	Gas market outlook
	Role of LNG in the gas security of Asia-Pacific
		Increasing role of LNG in gas trade
		Removing destination clauses
		Creation of LNG trading hubs
		Floating technologies
		Need for investments
	Possible emergency response measures for natural gas
		Gas storage capacity
		Fuel-switching capability
		Demand restraint
		Interruptible contracts
	Case studies from recent events
		Implications of the Qatari crisis for gas security in Asia-Pacific
		Australia’s local disruption
4. Electricity security in ASEAN+6
	Electricity market outlook
	Emergency management for electricity security: Lessons from power outages
		Japan: Enhancing cross-regional electricity supply
		Korea: Efforts to increase reserve margins
		Australia: Investments on emergency generation and battery storages
	Medium- to long-term approach for electricity security and its challenges
		System integration of variable renewable electricity generation
		Challenges for regional power integration
	References
General annex
	Abbreviations and acronyms
	Units of measure
	Acknowledgements
	Table of contents
		List of figures
		List of boxes
		List of tables