Blockchain Technology in e-Healthcare Management

Cover
Contents
About the Editors
Preface
1 Blockchain technology: fundamentals, applications, and challenges
	Abstract
	1.1 Introduction
	1.2 Fundamentals of blockchain technology
		1.2.1 History
		1.2.2 Characteristics
		1.2.3 Advantages
		1.2.4 Disadvantages
		1.2.5 Types
	1.3 Technical details of blockchain technology
		1.3.1 Block
		1.3.2 Chaining of blocks
		1.3.3 Merkle tree
		1.3.4 Consensus algorithm
		1.3.5 Smart contract
		1.3.6 Hyperledger
	1.4 Applications of blockchain technology
		1.4.1 Applications of blockchain technology in healthcare
		1.4.2 Applications of blockchain in banking and finance
		1.4.3 Applications of blockchain in government
		1.4.4 Applications of blockchain in manufacturing
		1.4.5 Applications of blockchain in other industries
	1.5 Challenges in adopting blockchain technology
	1.6 Conclusions
	References
2 e-Healthcare record management using blockchain technology
	Abstract
	2.1 Introduction
	2.2 Electronic health record
		2.2.1 Benefits of using EHRs
		2.2.2 Risks of EHR
	2.3 Monitoring and managing e-healthcare data using blockchain technology
		2.3.1 Patient data management
		2.3.2 Prescription management
	2.4 Drug traceability using blockchain technology
		2.4.1 Drug safety
		2.4.2 Drug efficacy and effectiveness
		2.4.3 Drug logistics
		2.4.4 Global challenges to logistics
		2.4.5 Blockchain in managing drug logistics
	2.5 The use case for blockchain technology in healthcare
		2.5.1 Clinical trials
		2.5.2 Smart contracts
	2.6 Challenges to implement blockchain technology in e-healthcare record management
	2.7 Conclusions and future scope
	References
3 Blockchain in pharmaceutical sector
	Abstract
	3.1 Introduction
	3.2 Pharmaceutical drug discovery
		3.2.1 Discovery and development
		3.2.2 Pre-clinical research process
		3.2.3 Clinical drug development and regulatory approval process
		3.2.4 FDA review
		3.2.5 Post-market monitoring
	3.3 Pharmaceutical supply chain management and its challenges
	3.4 Supplier consortiums and preventive maintenance
		3.4.1 Quality agreements
		3.4.2 License agreements
		3.4.3 Product supply agreements
		3.4.4 Research and development agreements
	3.5 Clinical trails
		3.5.1 Need for traceability in clinical trials
		3.5.2 Revolutionizing clinical trials using blockchain technology
	3.6 Pharmaceutical supply chain management using blockchain technology
	3.7 Conclusions
	References
4 Managing health insurance using blockchain technology
	Abstract
	4.1 Introduction
	4.2 The insurance industry: its aspects and challenges
	4.3 Causality in health insurance
	4.4 Blockchain technology: a revolution in the health insurance industry
	4.5 Customer service management of health insurance using blockchain technology
		4.5.1 Monitor and response management
		4.5.2 Complaint and grievances management
	4.6 Health insurance claim management using blockchain technology
	4.7 Health insurance bill management using blockchain technology
	4.8 Fraud detection and risk prevention in health insurance using blockchain technology
	4.9 Health insurance data record and sharing management using blockchain technology
	4.10 Limitations and future directions
		4.10.1 Limitations
		4.10.2 Future directions
	4.11 Conclusions
	References
5 e-Healthcare data security using blockchain technology
	Abstract
	5.1 Introduction
		5.1.1 Motivation
		5.1.2 Contributions
		5.1.3 Organization of the chapter
	5.2 Healthcare data storage and security: a conceptual scenario
		5.2.1 Evolution of the healthcare industry
		5.2.2 Common threats in the healthcare industry
		5.2.3 Threat model
		5.2.4 How to keep patient data secure
	5.3 Blockchain architecture
	5.4 Smart contract modeling
		5.4.1 Requirement of innovative contract-based blockchain in healthcare 4.0
	5.5 Improving security of e-healthcare data using blockchain technology
		5.5.1 Maintaining secured and trusted records of healthcare using blockchain-based federated learning
		5.5.2 Identity preservation using the blockchain-based application
	5.6 Recording patient consent using non-fungible tokens
	5.7 Security breaches of blockchain in the healthcare industry
	5.8 Future scope in the healthcare industry
	5.9 Conclusion
	References
6 IoT and blockchain technology-based healthcare monitoring
	Abstract
	6.1 Introduction
	6.2 IoT devices for health monitoring
	6.3 e-Healthcare data collection using IoT devices
		6.3.1 Applications of AI and big data in e-healthcare data collection
		6.3.2 e-Healthcare data collection using IoT devices
	6.4 e-Healthcare IoT topology
		P2P network topology
		Current Z-wave application for e-health
	6.5 IoT and blockchain technology for remote patient monitoring
		6.5.1 Blockchain in health sector
	6.6 Fake drug detection using IoT and blockchain technology
		6.6.1 Underused technology
	6.7 Conclusions
	References
7 Case study: a novel system to manage e-healthcare data by using blockchain technology
	Abstract
	7.1 Introduction
	7.2 Literature reviews
	7.3 Preliminary studies
		7.3.1 The need of a decentralized model for healthcare
		7.3.2 Blockchain and distributed ledger applications for healthcare
		7.3.3 Hyperledger fabric
	7.4 Proposed scheme
		7.4.1 Assets and rules at the blockchain level
		7.4.2 Workflow description
	7.5 Results and discussion
		7.5.1 Experimental environment
		7.5.2 Proof of concept simulations
		7.5.3 Performance considerations
	7.6 Conclusion
	References
8 Challenges and future work directions in e-healthcare using blockchain technology
	Abstract
	8.1 Introduction
	8.2 Requirements for developing blockchain-based healthcare applications
		8.2.1 Multi-party and trust
		8.2.2 Storage
		8.2.3 Availability, scalability, and real-time processing
		8.2.4 Data integrity, consistency, and immutability
		8.2.5 Interoperability, data transparency, and validation
		8.2.6 User privacy
		8.2.7 Identity and key management
		8.2.8 Technology acceptance and costs
		8.2.9 Legalization of blockchain technology
	8.3 Key challenges for healthcare applications using blockchain technology
		8.3.1 Healthcare challenges
		8.3.2 Blockchain adoption challenges
	8.4 Benefits and drawbacks of existing blockchain-based healthcare applications
		8.4.1 Health data and EHR
		8.4.2 Scalability analysis
		8.4.3 Supply chain management
	8.5 Future work directions
		8.5.1 Healthcare blockchain-based application trends
		8.5.2 Blockchain architectural trends
	8.6 Conclusion
	References
Index
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