Blockchain for Medical Research: Accelerating Trust in Healthcare

Cover
Half Title
Title Page
Copyright Page
Table of Contents
List of Figures
	Figure 1.1 Network Frameworks: A Comparison of the Node Distribution Across Three Generalized Models of Network Connection
	Figure 2.1 Basic Blockchain Diagram: A Simplified Look at the Key Elements of A Blockchain Network (Creative Commons License: B140970324 [CC BY-SA 4.0 (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0)] https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Blockchain-Process.png
	Figure 3.1 Farm to Table, Bench to Bedside: an Overview of the Key Elements in Applying Blockchain to Supply Chain Track and Trace and the Parallels With Health Research Data as A Supply Chain
	Figure 5.1 People, Ideas and Things: Framework of How People/Nodes in the Blockchain Network Are the Foundation, With the Shared Ideas Are Captured in the Governance, and Then Incorporated Into the Tech Thing That Creates the Interface
	Figure 6.1 Scientific Method: the Key Steps in the Scientific Process Are (A) Observation, (B) Hypothesis, (C) Experiment and (D) Conclusion
	Figure 7.1 Bench to Bedside: This Is the General Timeline For A New Treatment Idea to Be Tested and Eventually Incorporated Into Standard Clinical Practice If It Is Worthwhile. This Takes On Average 17 Years, Though It Can Vary Considerably
	Figure 7.2 Levels of Evidence Pyramid: This Is the General Progression of Reliability of Clinical Evidence to Contribute to Clinical Practice. Lower Levels Are More Abundant But Better For Refining Questions and Defining New Studies. Upper Levels Are Generally Required to Support Wide Adoption in Clinical Practice
	Figure 9.1 Open Science: A Diagram of the Main Areas and Sub-Areas Involved in the Discussion and Application of Open Science
	Figure 11.1 Better Quality Science: How Rapid Access Auditing of Scientific Data Can Be Enabled With Blockchain
	Figure 12.1 Value-Based Research: the Ability to Track Research Dollars and Their Fractional Impact More Granularly Will Provide A System Demonstrate the Value of Every Research Dollar Spent. Traditionally, Research Roi Assessment Has Been Difficult Because of Extended Time Lag (Average of 17 Years) and Difficulty to Assigning Weighted Attribution For Individually Funded Studies Contributing to Eventual Improved Health Outcomes and Related Savings
	Figure 14.1 Current Model of Health Research: an Overview of the Key Stakeholders and Interactions in Health Research
	Figure 14.2 Science as Analog Blockchain: Science Conceptualized as an Analog Blockchain With Key Points of Trust Identified
	Figure 15.1 Current System: Key Stakeholders and Connections of the Current System With A Highlight On Critical Stakeholders
	Figure 15.2 Four-Sided Platform of Science
	Figure 15.3 Future Vision: Dao of Science
List of Tables
	Table 4.1 Data Complexity in Blockchain Use Cases
	Table 10.1 Metl For Science
	Table 15.1 Preliminary Project Plan For Better Health Research Via Blockchain
Preface
Acknowledgments
Authors
Introduction
Part I: Blockchain Isn’t Tech
	1 Distributed Ledgers
		Distributed Ledgers
		Emergence of Blockchain
		Other Distributed Ledger Technologies
	2 Blockchain Basics
		What Is Blockchain?
		Cryptocurrency
	3 From Finance to Health: Way Beyond Bitcoin
		Where Is It Useful?
		Supply Chain
		Healthcare
	4 Data Complexity
		3-D Blockchain Theory
		Health and Research Data
		Dealing with Complexity
	5 Blockchain is People
		Network
		Protocol
		Platform
Part II: Science is Easy
	6 Good Science
		History of Science
		Scientific Process
		Benefits of Science
	7 Evidence-Based Medicine
		Bench to Bedside
		Medical Evidence
		Levels of Evidence
	8 Science Crisis
		Reproducibility Issues
		17 Years—Bench to Bedside
		Research Delays
	9 Open Science
		Foundations
		Successes
		Barriers
Part III: The Dao of Science
	10 Distributing Science
		Beyond One Basket
		New Model Science
		Mission Essential Task List
		Major Science Tasks
		Key Sub-Tasks
		Funding Proposals
		Data and Analysis
		Presentations and Publications
		Full METL to Faster Miracles
	11 Better Quality Science
		Improved Auditability
		Improved Standards
		Meta-Analysis Capabilities
	12 Value-Based Research
		Increased ROI
		Reduced Data Management Costs
	13 Faster Medical Miracles
		Regulatory and Administration
		Data Management
		Intellectual Property and Data Sharing
		Standards and Meta-Analysis
	14 DAO of Science
		Pulling It All Together
		Distributed Autonomous Science
		Incentives
		An Example of Future Blockchain Application to Peer-Review
	15 The Roadmap
		Getting There from Here
		Current State of Health Research
		Future Vision of Health Research
		Roadmap
		Future
Notes
Index