Biotechnology: an illustrated primer

Content: INTRODUCTION Early developments Biotechnology today BIOTECHNOLOGY OF FOOD Alkoholic beverages Beer Fermentierted food Food and lactic acid fermentation ALCOHOLS, ACIDS AND AMINO ACIDS Ethanol 1-Butanol, acetone Acetic acid Citric acid Lactic acid and gluconic acid Amino acids L-Glutamic acid D,L-Methionine, L-lysine, L-threonine L-Phenylalanine and L-aspartic acid, Apartame? Amino acids by enzymatic transformation ANTIBIOTICS Antibiotics: abundance, applications and mechanisms of action Antibiotics: production and resistance Lactam antibiotics: structure, biosynthesis and mechanism of action Lactam antibiotics: production Amino acid and peptide antibiotics Glycopeptide, polyether and nucleoside antibiotics Amino glycoside antibiotics Chinones, chinolones and aromatic antibiotics Polyketide antibiotics New strategies for antibiotics SPECIALTIES Vitamins Nukleosides and nucleotides Biotensides and biocosmetics Polysaccharides (dextran, xanthan) Biomaterials Biotransformation Steroid-biotransformations ENZYMES Enzymes Enzyme catalysis Enzymes for analytics Enzyme analytics Enzymes in technical applications Detergent enzymes Enzymes fur starch degradation Enzymatic starch hydrolysis Enzymes and sweetenting Cellulasens and hemicellulases Enzymes for pulp and paper production Pectinases Enzymes for milk treatment Enzymes for treatment of bakery goods and meet Enzymes for leather treatment New startegies for technical enzymes BAKERS\' YEAST AND FODDER YEASTS Bakers\' yeast and fodder yeasts Proteins and oil from singel cell organisms BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION Aerobic wastewater treatment Anaerobic wastewater and slugde treatment Biological off-gas purification Biological soil remediation Microbial ore leaching and biocorrosion THERAPEUTIC AND DIAGNOSTIC BIOTECHNOLOGY Insulin Somatotropin and ohter hormones Hemoglobin, serum albumin, lactoferrin Clotting factors Anticoagulants and thrombolytics Enzyme inhibitors The immune system Stem cells Interferons Interleukins Erythropoietin and growth factors TNF and other pharma proteins Vaccines, recombinant vaccines Antibodies monoclonal antibodies recombinant antibodies Immune analytics Biosensors AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY Animal breeding Embryo transfer, cloned animals Gen mapping Transgenic animals Gene farming Plant breeding Plant cell cultures: surface cultures Plant cell cultures: suspension cultures Transgenic plants: methods Transgenic plants: resistance Transgenic plants as bioreactors MICROBIOLOGICAL FUNDAMENTALS Viruses Bakteriophags Microorganisms Bacteria Bacteria: charakterization Fungi Yeasts Microorganisms: isolation, stem maintenance, safety Stem maintenance of microorganisms FUNDAMENTALS OF BIOPROCESS ENGINEERING Culture growth kinetics and product formation fed-batch and continuous fermentations Fermentation technique Fermentation technique: upscaling Cultivation of animal cells Cultivation of animal cells: technical concepts Enzyme and cell reactors Downstream processing of bioproducts Downstream processing of bioproducts: chromatography Industrial processes MOLECULAR GENETIC METHODS DNA: structure DNA: Function Gene technology: general working steps Preparation of DNA, restriction enzymes Enzymes fortreatment of DNA PCR - general method and applications PCR DNA: synthesis and size determination - application examples DNA: sequencing Introduction of DNA in living cells (transformation) Cloning and identificationof genes Gene expression Silencing of genes Protein design Gen banks and gene mapping Genomes of prokaryotes Genomes of eukaryotes Human genome Functional analysis of the human genome DNA analytics DNA arrays Reporter groups Gene therapy CURRENT TRENDS Compund screening Proteomics Bioinformatics Metabolism Metabolic engineering SAFETY, ETHICS, ECONOMY Safety in gene technology Approval of bio- and gene technicologiocal products Ethics and acceptance Patents and biotechnology International comparison