Biotechnology Business: Concept to Delivery

Foreword
Preface
Contents
Editor and Contributors
Why Biotechnology?
Biotechnology: Discoveries and Their Applications in Societal Welfare
	1 Introduction
	2 Historical Biotechnology—1700s Onwards
		2.1 Smallpox Vaccine
		2.2 Rabies Vaccine and Germ Theory of Disease
		2.3 Koch’s Postulates
		2.4 Fermentation Theory
		2.5 Penicillin Discovery
		2.6 Cell Theory and Laws of Heredity
		2.7 The Term “Biotechnology”
		2.8 Identification of DNA as Genetic Material
	3 Modern Biotechnology—1970s Onwards
		3.1 Hybridoma Technology
		3.2 Insulin: The First Commercial Recombinant Product
		3.3 Human Growth Hormone (hGH) by Genentech
		3.4 Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
		3.5 The Era of Genomics and Proteomics
		3.6 Metabolomics
	4 Areas/Branches of Biotechnology
		4.1 Red Biotechnology
		4.2 Green Biotechnology
		4.3 Blue Biotechnology
		4.4 White Biotechnology
	5 Summary
	References
Tiny Targets, BIG Impact!
CRISPR: The Revolutionary Gene Editing Tool with Far-Reaching Applications
	1 Development of the CRISPR-Cas9 Genome Editing Tool
	2 Domain Organization of the “CRISPR/Cas9 System”
	3 Revolutionary Applications of the CRISPR/Cas9 System: Genome Engineering and Beyond
		3.1 Generation of Knockout Cell Lines for Basic Science Research
	4 Rapid Generation of Animal Models
	5 Using CRISPR-Cas to Make Novel Therapeutic Approaches
	6 “CRISPR/Cas9 System” in Genetically Modifying Plants and Cattle Strains
	7 Conclusions
	References
Nanotechnology in Medicine
	1 Introduction
	2 Types of Nanoparticles and Their Application in the Biomedical Field
	3 Barriers to Nanoparticle Delivery
	4 Application of Nanoparticles in Diseases
	5 Conclusion
	References
Food for All; Nutraceuticals
The Rise of Nutraceuticals: Overview and Future
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Defining Nutraceuticals
		1.2 Need for Nutraceuticals
		1.3 Cues from Traditional Systems of Medicine
		1.4 Contrasting TSM with Modern Medicine
	2 Major Classes of Nutraceutical Products
		2.1 Herbal Extract/Plant-Based
		2.2 Proteins and Amino Acids
		2.3 Fatty Acids
		2.4 Small Molecules, Vitamins, and Minerals
		2.5 Probiotics and Prebiotics
		2.6 Microalgae as Nutraceuticals
	3 Regulatory Aspects of Nutraceuticals
	4 Business Outlook
	References
Biofuels
Algae Biodiesel: Fundamentals and Future Prospects
	1 Introduction
	2 Biodiesel: Introduction
	3 Microalgae as Host for Biodiesel Production
	4 Microalgae Lipid Content
	5 Microalgae Cultivation
	6 Harvesting Methods of Microalgae Biomass
	7 Biodiesel Production
	8 Techno-Economic Analysis
	9 Conclusion and Future Perspectives
	References
Biotechnology of Biofuels: Historical Overview, Business Outlook and Future Perspectives
	1 Introduction
		1.1 World Energy Requirement
		1.2 Conventional Sources of Energy
		1.3 Depletion of Fossil Fuel Reserves and Environmental Impact
		1.4 Biofuels
	2 Generation of Biofuels
		2.1 First Generation
		2.2 Second Generation
		2.3 Third Generation
	3 Business Outlook
		3.1 Production
		3.2 Consumption
		3.3 Trade
	4 Future Perspectives
	References
Regulations
Regulations for Health Care Biotechnology Products in Major Markets of the World
	1 Introduction
	2 Classifications
	3 Regulations
		3.1 In USA
	4 In Europe
		4.1 Clinical Studies
		4.2 Clinical Protocol
		4.3 Investigator’s Brochure
	5 In India
		5.1 Pharmaceutical Biotechnology
		5.2 Research & Development
		5.3 Permission to Manufacture and Import of New Drugs
		5.4 Clinical Trials
	6 Conclusion
	References
Intellectual Rights
Intellectual Property Rights
	1 Introduction
	2 Historic Preview of IPR
	3 Various Forms of IPR
		3.1 Trade Secret
		3.2 Trade Mark
		3.3 Copyright
		3.4 Patent
	4 IPR in Biodiversity and Bio-resources
	5 IPR in the Pharmaceutical Industry
	6 IPR in Bioinformatics and Computational Biology
	7 IPR in Biotechnology and Corporate Biotechnology Transfer
	8 Biological Database and IPR
	9 Conclusions
	References
Commerce and Management
Evolution of Biotechnology as a Million Dollar Market: The Management and Commerce of a Biotech Start-up
	1 Current Perspectives in the Biotech Sector
	2 Fields of Biotechnology
	3 Commerce and Management of the Agricultural Biotechnology
	4 Commerce and Management of the Industrial Biotechnology Sector
	5 Healthcare Industry a Major Investment Corridor of Biotechnology in Future
	6 Commerce and Management of the Pharmaceutical Biotechnology Sector
	7 Nano Biotechnology, Promising Era of Biotechnology
	8 Career Paths for Biotechnology Students
	9 Entrepreneurs in Biotechnology—Current Scenario and Future Prospects
	10 Sustainability Development—A Better Option for Entrepreneurial Biotechnology
	11 Summary
	References
Some Success Stories and Products
Products of Biotechnology: The Out-Turn of Research and Production
	1 Introduction
	2 General Products of Biotechnology
	3 Pharmaceutical Products
	4 Food Products from Industrial Biotechnology
	5 Products of Agricultural Biotechnology
	6 Summary
	7 Conclusion
	References