Biopolymers: Recent Updates, Challenges and Opportunities (Springer Series on Polymer and Composite Materials)

Preface
Contents
About the Editors
Transforming Wastes into High Value-Added Products: An Introduction
	1 Introduction
	2 Waste as a Renewable Source
	3 Biopolymers Production from Different Types of Waste
		3.1 Biopolymers as Waste from Meat, Poultry and Seafood Processing Industry
		3.2 Biopolymers as Waste from the Agricultural Industry
		3.3 Biopolymers as Waste from Milk, Agriculture, Beverage, and Meat Industry
	4 Challenges
	5 Conclusion
	References
Biopolymers and Environment
	1 Introduction
	2 Classification of Biopolymers
		2.1 Natural Biopolymers
		2.2 Synthetic Biopolymers
	3 Role of Plant-Derived Biopolymers in Agriculture
	4 Genetically Engineered Biopolymers
	5 Impact of Biopolymers on the Environment
	6 Biological Activities of Biopolymers
		6.1 Anticancer Activity
		6.2 Antioxidant Activity
		6.3 Antimicrobial Activity
		6.4 Anti-inflammatory Activity
		6.5 Neuroprotective Activity
		6.6 Immunomodulatory Activity
	7 Conclusion
	References
Biopolymers: Global Carbon Footprint and Climate Change
	1 Introduction
	2 Biopolymers and Biodegradation
		2.1 Biodegradation of Biopolymers Under Various Environments: An Overview
	3 Carbon Footprint and Climate Change: An Overview
	4 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
Biopolymers: Regulatory and Legislative Issues
	1 Introduction
	2 Significant Standards for the Biodegradability and Compostability of Bioplastics
	3 Migration Concerns
	4 Conclusions and Future Scope
	References
Sustainable Green Methods for the Extraction of Biopolymers
	1 Introduction
	2 Sustainable Green Extraction of Biopolymers
		2.1 Green Extraction of Biopolymers of Plant Origin
		2.2 Green Extraction of Biopolymers of Animal Origin
		2.3 Green Extraction of Biopolymers of Microbial Origin
	3 Assessment of Biopolymer’s Sustainability
	4 Applications of Biopolymers
		4.1 Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Applications of Biopolymers
		4.2 Applications of Biopolymer in Food and Packaging Industries
		4.3 Biopolymers in Textile Industries
		4.4 Biopolymers in Environmental Applications
		4.5 Applications of Biopolymers in Building and Construction Industry
		4.6 Biopolymers in Electronics, Nanotechnology, and Green Separation Sector
	5 Conclusion
	References
Biopolymers from Agriculture Waste and By-Products
	1 Introduction
	2 Biopolymers
		2.1 Sources of Biopolymers
		2.2 Agriculture Waste
		2.3 Agriculture By-Product
	3 Applications of Biopolymers in Food Industry
	4 Bioplastics
	5 Future Trends
	6 Conclusions
	References
Biopolymers from Industrial Waste
	1 Introduction
	2 Potential Sources of Waste for Biopolymer Production
	3 Biopolymers from Various Industrial Waste
		3.1 Biopolymers from Food Industry Waste
		3.2 Biopolymers from Marine Seashell Waste
		3.3 Biopolymers from Wood and Paper Mill Waste
		3.4 Polylactic acid
	4 Application of Biopolymers
	5 Conclusion
	References
Biopolymers from Microbial Flora
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Functions of Biopolymers
		1.2 Synthesis of Biopolymers
	2 Bacterial Biopolymers
		2.1 Polysaccharides from Bacteria as Biopolymers
		2.2 Bacterial Polyamides as Biopolymers
		2.3 Polyesters of Bacteria as Biopolymers
		2.4 Bacterial Polyphosphates as Biopolymers
		2.5 Other Polymers of Bacteria
	3 Fungal Biopolymers
		3.1 Fungal Polysaccharides as Biopolymers
		3.2 Glycolipids
		3.3 Lipopeptides
	4 Algal Biopolymers
		4.1 Polyesters
		4.2 Polysaccharides
		4.3 Polyalcohols
	5 Conclusion
	References
The Scope of Biopolymers in Food Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Most Important Biopolymers in the Food Industry
		2.1 Proteins
		2.2 Polysaccharides
		2.3 Aliphatic Polyesters
	3 Functional Biopolymers in Food Manufacturing and Food Designing
		3.1 Edible Films and Coatings
	4 Industrial Utilization and Processibility of Biopolymers
		4.1 Freeze Drying of Fruit and Pulp Processing
		4.2 Food Texture and Gelation
		4.3 Biopolymeric Nanomaterials in Food Packaging
	5 Nanostructured Biopolymers for Improved Food Quality and Safety
		5.1 Antibacterial
		5.2 Antiviral Activity
	6 Functional Food Ingredient
		6.1 Beta-Glucan in Dairy Products
		6.2 Glucan as Meat Product
	7 Biopolymers in Microencapsulation Processes
	8 Present Scenario and Future Perspectives
	References
Potential Applications of Biopolymers in Fisheries Industry
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Sources of Fish-Derived Biopolymers
		1.2 Market Potential of Biopolymers in the Circular Economy
	2 Types of Biopolymer in Fishing Industries
		2.1 Chitin
		2.2 Chitosan
		2.3 Collagen
		2.4 Gelatin
		2.5 Hyaluronic Acid (HA)
	3 Commercial Applications in Fisheries
		3.1 Fishing Lines
		3.2 Fishing Nets
		3.3 Fishing Gear and Traps
		3.4 Fishing Lure
	4 Industrial Applications of Biopolymers
		4.1 Functional Foods
		4.2 Biodegradable Preservative and Packaging
		4.3 Wastewater Treatment
	5 Conclusion and Future Perspective
	References
Biopolymers in Cosmetics, Pharmaceutical, and Biomedical Applications
	1 Introduction
	2 Biopolymers of Animal Origin
		2.1 Chitosan
		2.2 Collagen
		2.3 Hyaluronic Acid
		2.4 Silk Proteins
	3 Biopolymers of Plant Origin
		3.1 Alginate
		3.2 Fucoidan
		3.3 Starch
	4 Biopolymers Derived from Microorganisms
		4.1 Succinoglycan
		4.2 Gellan Gum
		4.3 Pullulan
		4.4 Dextran
		4.5 Xanthan
		4.6 Alginate
		4.7 Cellulose
	5 Conclusion
	References
Biopolymers in the Leather Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Overview of Tannery Process
	3 Alternatives for Animal-Based Leather Using Biopolymer
		3.1 Leather from Cellulose Sources
		3.2 Alternative Protein-Based Leather
	4 Biopolymer as Tanning Agent
	5 Biopolymer as Retanning Agent
	6 Biopolymer in the Finishing Process
	7 Summary and Conclusions
	References
Biopolymers in Automotive Industry
	1 Introduction
	2 Plastics
	3 Elastomers
	4 Green Tires
	5 Foams
	6 Conclusion
	References
Biopolymers in Electronics
	1 Introduction
	2 Natural Biopolymers in Electronics
		2.1 Cellulose
		2.2 Starch
		2.3 Chitosan
	3 Synthetic-Based Biopolymers in Electronics
		3.1 Polylactic Acid-Based Biopolymer
		3.2 Polyvinyl Alcohol-Based Biopolymer
		3.3 Polyhydroxyalkanoates-Based Biopolymer
		3.4 Poly(ε-Caprolactone)-Based Biopolymer
	4 Conclusion
	References
Biopolymer in Wastewater Treatment
	1 Introduction
	2 Biopolymers for Wastewater Treatment
		2.1 Natural Bio-flocculants
		2.2 Grafted Flocculants/Graft Copolymers
	3 Polysaccharide-Based Products for Wastewater Treatment
		3.1 Chitosan
		3.2 Gums and Mucilage
		3.3 Cellulose
	4 Other Polysaccharides
		4.1 Starch
		4.2 Tannin
		4.3 Alginates
		4.4 Xanthan
		4.5 Pullulan
	5 Advantages and Limitations of Using Polysaccharide-Based Products for Metal Ion Adsorption
		5.1 Advantages of Natural-/Biopolymers
		5.2 Limitations of Natural Adsorbents
	6 Protein-Derived Materials for Wastewater Treatment
	7 Challenges
	8 Summary and Conclusion
	References
Bioplastics from Biomass
	1 Introduction
	2 Natural-Sourced Biopolymers
		2.1 Bacterial Nanocellulose (BNC)
		2.2 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHAs)
	3 Polylactic Acid (PLA)
		3.1 Applicability of PLA in Food/Beverage Packaging
	References
Sustainability Challenges and Future Perspectives of Biopolymer
	1 Introduction
	2 Sustainability Challenges of Biopolymers
		2.1 Cost and Competition with Synthetic Polymers
		2.2 Facile Production Routes
		2.3 Viable Renewable Sources
		2.4 Environmental Aspect of Biopolymer Versus Synthetic Polymers
	3 Current Status
		3.1 Conclusion and Future Scope
	References
Biomaterials in Coating Industries
	1 Introduction
	2 Film Formers/Resins (Binders)
		2.1 Alkyd
		2.2 Polyester
		2.3 Poly (Ester Amide)
		2.4 Epoxy
		2.5 Polyurethane
		2.6 Acrylic
		2.7 Lignin
		2.8 Shellac
		2.9 Rosin
		2.10 Pullulan
		2.11 Vegetable Oils
	3 Additives
		3.1 Cellulose
		3.2 Starch
		3.3 Protein
		3.4 Chitosan
	4 Pigments
	5 Solvents
	6 Conclusions and Future Trends
	References