Biomedical polymers

Contents......Page 4
Contributor contact details......Page 8
Preface......Page 10
1.2 Cells used in tissue engineering......Page 12
1.3 The scaffold structure......Page 18
1.4 Fabrication techniques for tissue scaffolds......Page 31
1.5 Supercritical fluid processing......Page 32
1.6 Future trends......Page 36
1.7 References......Page 38
2.1 Introduction: controlled drug release......Page 44
2.2 Mechanisms of action for controlled drug release......Page 46
2.3 Examples of controlled-release delivery systems......Page 50
2.4 Commonly used polymers for drug delivery systems......Page 55
2.5 Polymer characteristics and properties......Page 58
2.6 Future trends......Page 64
2.7 References......Page 65
3.1 Introduction......Page 68
3.2 Structure and properties of a cross-linked hydrogel......Page 69
3.3 Methods to form a hydrogel......Page 72
3.4 Application to cell encapsulation and tissue engineering......Page 75
3.5 Future trends......Page 84
3.7 References......Page 86
4.1 Introduction......Page 94
4.2 Synthetic biodegradable block copolymers: polyanhydrides, polyalkylcyanoacrylates, polyphosphazenes and polyphosphoesters......Page 95
4.3 Biodegradable polyesters for drug delivery......Page 99
4.4 Polyethylenimine and poly(ethylene glycol)-co-poly(L-lysine)-g-histidine......Page 108
4.6 Future trends......Page 109
4.7 References......Page 110
5.1 Introduction......Page 122
5.2 The cardiovascular system......Page 123
5.3 Replacing heart valves......Page 125
5.4 Replacing arteries......Page 134
5.5 Tissue-engineered arteries......Page 139
5.6 Summary and future trends......Page 141
5.7 Sources of further information and advice......Page 142
5.9 References......Page 143
6.2 The structure of UHMWPE......Page 152
6.3 Fabrication of implants using UHMWPE......Page 153
6.4 Implant sterilization......Page 154
6.5 Cross-linking to improve implant wear properties......Page 159
6.6 Future trends......Page 172
6.8 References......Page 173
7.2 The development and format of biosensors......Page 185
7.3 Polymer membranes in biosensors......Page 187
7.5 Conducting polymers in biosensors......Page 192
7.6 Redox-active polymers in biosensors......Page 197
7.7 Molecularly imprinted polymers in biosensors......Page 199
7.9 Sources of further information and advice......Page 201
7.10 References......Page 202
8.1 Introduction......Page 208
8.2 Chitosan and starch-based polymers in tissue engineering......Page 209
8.3 Production of 3D porous scaffolds by extrusion and injection moulding with a blowing agent......Page 210
8.4 Producing 3D porous scaffolds using fibre bonding......Page 211
8.5 Producing 3D porous scaffolds by melt based compression moulding with particulate leaching......Page 213
8.6 3D porous scaffolds produced by freeze-drying......Page 215
8.7 Particle aggregation techniques to produce 3D porous scaffolds......Page 218
8.8 Microwave processing of 3D polymeric scaffolds......Page 221
8.9 Conclusion......Page 222
8.10 References......Page 223
Index......Page 230