Biomedical Applications of Light Scattering

Contents......Page 6
Contributors......Page 14
Part 1 Introduction to Light Scattering Models......Page 18
1.1 Introduction to Light Scattering......Page 20
1.2 Structure and Organization of Biological Tissue......Page 21
1.3 Basics of Light Scattering Theory......Page 27
1.4 Approximate Solutions to Light Scattering......Page 32
1.5 Review of Computational Light Scattering Codes......Page 39
1.6 Inverse Light Scattering Analysis......Page 44
References......Page 46
2.1 Introduction......Page 48
2.2 3D Continuous Random Media......Page 50
2.3 2D Continuous Random Media......Page 59
2.4 1D Continuous Random Media......Page 61
2.5 Generation of Continuous Random Media Samples......Page 62
References......Page 64
3.1 Introduction......Page 66
3.2 Overview of FDTD Techniques for Maxwell’s Equations......Page 67
3.3 FDTD Modeling Applications......Page 72
3.4 Overview of Liu’s Fourier-Basis PSTD Technique for Maxwell’s Equations......Page 81
3.5 PSTD Modeling Applications......Page 82
3.6 Summary......Page 89
References......Page 90
4.1 Introduction......Page 94
4.2 Background......Page 96
4.3 Theory......Page 98
4.4 Experimental Implementation and Validation......Page 109
4.5 Clinical and Biological Applications......Page 118
4.6 Conclusions and Future Directions......Page 123
References......Page 124
Part 2 Application to In Vitro Cell Biology......Page 130
5.1 Introduction......Page 132
5.2 Light Scattering Assessments of Mitochondrial Morphology......Page 133
5.3 Light Scattering Assessments of Lysosomal Morphology......Page 138
5.4 Light Scattering Assessments of Nuclear Morphology......Page 144
5.5 Light Scattering Assessments of General Subcellular Structure......Page 152
5.6 Future Perspectives......Page 154
References......Page 156
6.1 Introduction......Page 160
6.2 Absorption and Scattering in Microscopic Applications......Page 161
6.3 Physical Principles and Basic Parameters of Elastic Light Scattering......Page 164
6.4 Light Scattering from Cells and Subcellular Structures......Page 167
6.5 Confocal Light Absorption and Scattering Spectroscopic (CLASS) Microscopy......Page 170
6.6 Applications of CLASS Microscopy......Page 176
6.7 Conclusion......Page 182
References......Page 183
Part 3 Assessing Bulk Tissue Properties from Scattering Measurements......Page 186
7.1 Introduction......Page 188
7.2 The Basic Idea......Page 190
7.3 Basic Instrument......Page 197
7.4 Monte Carlo Simulations......Page 199
7.5 Literature Describing Confocal Reflectance Measurements......Page 205
References......Page 207
8.1 Introduction......Page 210
8.2 Understanding Light Scattering Measurements in Tissue......Page 212
8.3 Ex Vivo Measurements: Analysis of Scatter Signatures......Page 214
8.4 Diagnostic Imaging: Approaches for In Vivo Use......Page 223
References......Page 225
Part 4 Dynamic Light Scattering Methods......Page 228
9.1 Dynamic Light Scattering and Speckle......Page 230
9.2 Holographic Optical Coherence Imaging......Page 238
9.3 Multicellular Tumor Spheroids......Page 242
9.5 Motility-Contrast Imaging......Page 247
9.6 Conclusions and Prospects......Page 251
References......Page 253
10.1 Introduction......Page 258
10.2 Single-Exposure Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging......Page 259
10.3 Applications of LSCI to Brain Imaging......Page 264
10.4 Multiexposure Laser Speckle Contrast Imaging (MESI)......Page 270
References......Page 275
Part 5 Clinical Applications......Page 278
11.1 Introduction......Page 280
11.2 Fiberoptic Probe Designs......Page 281
11.3 Models for the Reflectance Spectra......Page 287
11.4 In Vivo Application in a Human Study......Page 294
11.5 Influence of Probe Pressure......Page 298
11.6 Conclusions......Page 304
References......Page 305
12.1 Basic Concepts......Page 310
12.2 DPS Measurements In Vivo......Page 316
12.3 Clinical Measurements......Page 322
12.4 Conclusion......Page 326
References......Page 327
13.1 Introduction......Page 330
13.2 Instrumentation......Page 332
13.3 Processing of a/LCI Signals......Page 339
13.4 Validation Studies......Page 342
13.5 Tissue Studies......Page 347
13.7 Acknowledgments......Page 354
References......Page 355
14.1 Principles of Enhanced Backscattering......Page 358
14.2 Low-Coherence Enhanced Backscattering......Page 364
14.3 Applications of Low-Coherence Enhanced Backscattering Spectroscopy......Page 370
References......Page 375
B......Page 378
C......Page 379
F......Page 380
I......Page 381
M......Page 382
O......Page 383
S......Page 384
Y......Page 385