Biomechanics: Principles, Trends and Applications (Biomechanics: Theory and Applications)

BIOMECHANICS: PRINCIPLES, TRENDSAND APPLICATIONS......Page 2
CONTENTS......Page 6
PREFACE......Page 8
1. OVERVIEW......Page 14
2.1. Historical Overview......Page 16
2.2. Challenges Faced by Arts Biomechanics......Page 22
2.3. Arts Pedagogy; What Can We Learn from Biomechanics Applications?......Page 24
A Motor-Learning Model......Page 25
2.4. The Tools of Arts Biomechanics Research......Page 28
Motion Capture......Page 29
Biomechanical Modeling......Page 30
Electromyography......Page 31
Force Measurements......Page 33
Synchronized Measurements......Page 34
2.5. Samples of Pedagogic Applications......Page 35
3.1. Overuse Syndrome......Page 39
3.2. Biomechanical Modeling as a Platform to Understand OS......Page 40
3.3. The Theory of Biomechanical Modeling as It Applies to OS......Page 41
3.3.2. The Generalized Form Related to Work......Page 42
3.3.3. Biomechanics and Biological Reactions in the Human Body......Page 43
3.3.4. Characteristics of the PBR related to OS......Page 44
3.4. Current OS Studies Related to Music Performance......Page 47
Stage 1. Determination of Realistic Loading Conditions......Page 49
Stage 3. Determination of Accumulated Micro-Trauma......Page 50
4. APPLICATIONS OF MOVEMENT SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES IN THE CREATION OF ART \r......Page 51
4.1. 3D Motion Capture Technology on Visual Art......Page 55
4.2. 3D Motion Capture and the Visual Arts: Theoretical Considerations......Page 56
4.3. Exemplary Experiments......Page 57
4.4. Other Contemporary Examples......Page 62
REFERENCES......Page 63
INTRODUCTION......Page 70
CORNEAL MICROSTRUCTURE......Page 72
CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY......Page 74
CORNEAL THICKNESS DISTRIBUTION......Page 75
CORNEAL BIOMECHANICAL BEHAVIOUR......Page 76
EXPERIMENTAL ASSESSMENT OF CORNEAL BEHAVIOUR......Page 77
EXPERIMENTAL TECHNIQUES......Page 78
INFLATION TEST SETUP......Page 84
STRIP TEST SETUP......Page 86
Corneal Hyperelasticity......Page 87
Relationship between Intraocular Pressure and Young’s Modulus......Page 89
Corneal Hysteresis......Page 91
Corneal Anisotropy......Page 93
Epithelium’s Contribution to Corneal Biomechanics......Page 94
Stromal Inter-Lamellar Adhesion......Page 96
Corneal Long-Term Behaviour......Page 97
Corneal Dependence on Strain-Rate......Page 100
NUMERICAL MODELLING OF OCULAR BIOMECHANICS......Page 102
SIMULATION OF CORNEAL NON-UNIFORM THICKNESS......Page 104
SIMULATION OF CORNEAL TOPOGRAPHY......Page 105
SIMULATION OF CORNEAL BOUNDARY CONDITIONS......Page 106
SIMULATION OF CORNEAL HYPERELASTIC BEHAVIOUR......Page 107
SIMULATION OF CORNEAL LAYERED CONSTRUCTION......Page 108
SIMULATION OF STROMAL INTER-LAMELLAR ADHESION......Page 109
SIMULATION OF CORNEAL ANISOTROPY......Page 110
SIMULATION OF CORNEAL HYSTERESIS......Page 111
CONCLUSION......Page 115
REFERENCES......Page 117
1. INTRODUCTION......Page 124
2. FORCES AND MOMENTS......Page 125
3. BONE BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES......Page 127
4. PRINCIPLES OF FORCES TRANSFER TO BONE-IMPLANT INTERFACE......Page 131
5. BULK MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF IMPLANT BIOMATERIALS......Page 134
8.1. Calcium-Phosphate Coatings......Page 138
9. BIOMECHANICAL CONSIDERATIONS FORCOATED IMPLANT DESIGN......Page 139
REFERENCES......Page 141
ABSTRACT......Page 150
SYMPTOMS FROM GI TRACT IN DM......Page 151
MECHANO-SENSORY DYSFUNCTION OF GI TRACT IN DM......Page 153
MORPHOLOGICAL AND BIOMECHANICAL REMODELING OF GI \rTRACT IN DIABETES MELLITUS......Page 155
Morphological and Biomechanical Remodeling of Different Parts in GI......Page 156
Mechanisms of Morphological and Biomechanical Remodeling of GI Tract inDiabetes......Page 163
FUTURE PERSPECTIVES......Page 165
Investigation of the Mechanism for the GI Remodeling in Diabetes......Page 166
REFERENCES......Page 167
ABSTRACT......Page 176
INTRODUCTION......Page 177
Biomechanical Properties of Normal Esophagus......Page 178
Biomechanical Properties of Normal Stomach......Page 181
Biomechanical Properties of Normal Small Intestine......Page 183
Biomechanical Properties of Normal Colon and Rectum......Page 187
Biomechanical Properties of Normal Sphincter Regions in GI Tract......Page 188
Summary of the Biomechanical Properties of GI Tract......Page 190
BIOMECHANICAL REMODELLING OCCUR IN THE GI TRACT......Page 191
Esophageal Biomechanical Remodeling......Page 193
Stomach Biomechanical Remodeling......Page 195
Intestinal Biomechanical Remodelling......Page 196
Colon and Rectal Biomechanical Remodelling......Page 199
Biomechanical Remodeling of Sphincter Regions in GI Tract......Page 201
BIOMECHANICAL MODELING OF THE GI TRACT......Page 202
Geometry Based Models......Page 203
Anatomy Based GI Modelling......Page 204
Theoretical Analysis Based GI Modelling......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 206
INTRODUCTION......Page 220
Biophysical Basis of EMG......Page 222
Recording and Measurement of the EMG Signal......Page 224
EMG Signal Processing......Page 226
Kinesiological EMG......Page 228
Clinical Applications......Page 235
ABOUT THE AUTHORS......Page 238
REFERENCES......Page 239
ABSTRACT......Page 246
INTRODUCTION......Page 247
PURPOSE OF THIS CHAPTER......Page 249
REACTIVE BALANCE CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH SDCP......Page 251
Maximum Torque......Page 254
Rate of Peak Torque Production......Page 256
CLINICAL APPLICATIONS......Page 257
AFOs and Strength Training......Page 258
Gaps in Clinical Research......Page 259
REFERENCES......Page 260
INTRODUCTION......Page 264
CENTRAL CORNEAL THICKNESS (CCT)......Page 265
CCT AND INTRAOCULAR PRESSURE......Page 266
CORNEAL BIOMECHANICS......Page 267
MEASUREMENT OF BIOMECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF THE CORNEA......Page 268
ORA READINGS IN DISEASED EYES......Page 269
REFRACTIVE SURGERY AND CORNEAL BIOMECHANICALPROPERTIES......Page 270
THE FUTURE......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 272
ABSTRACT......Page 280
INTRODUCTION......Page 281
CONTROL OF THE LEFT ARM DURING SHIFTING MOVEMENTS......Page 283
FINE CONTROL OF THE LEFT ARM: INTONATION AND ERRORCORRECTION......Page 285
COORDINATION BETWEEN UPPER ARM AND FOREARM......Page 287
COORDINATION BETWEEN RIGHT AND LEFT ARMS......Page 290
CONCLUSION......Page 292
REFERENCES......Page 293
ABSTRACT......Page 294
NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION OF THE RESULTANT HIP FORCE......Page 295
NONINVASIVE DETERMINATION OF THE HIP WEIGHT-BEARINGSURFACE......Page 297
ESTIMATION OF THE CONTACT HIP STRESS IN THE CLINICALSETTING......Page 298
CONTACT HIP STRESS IN THE ASSESSMENT OF DEVELOPMENTAL HIPDYSPLASIA AND HIP OSTEOARTHRITIS......Page 301
CONTACT HIP STRESS IN PREOPERATIVE PLANNING OFORTHOPAEDIC PROCEDURES......Page 302
REFERENCES......Page 304
INTRODUCTION......Page 308
EFFECT OF PELVIC FIXATION ON TRAINING-INDUCED INCREASES INSTRENGTH......Page 311
MUSCLE ACTIVATION PATTERNS DURING TRUNK EXTENSIONEXERCISE......Page 312
SUMMARY......Page 313
REFERENCES......Page 314
ABSTRACT......Page 318
INTRODUCTION......Page 319
ADHESION ASSAYS......Page 320
APPROACH TO MEASURE BONE CELL ADHESION FOR ORTHOPAEDIC \rIMPLANT SURFACES......Page 321
CONCLUSION......Page 324
REFERENCES......Page 325
THE DIFFERENCES IN BIOMECHANICAL PATTERNS OF FAST MOTOR LEARNING OF CHILDREN ANDADULTS\r......Page 328
Background......Page 330
Operational Definition......Page 332
Problem of Poor Fitting......Page 333
Recommendation of Shoe Fit......Page 335
Pressure Distribution......Page 336
Footwear Comfort......Page 337
Instrumentation......Page 338
Procedure......Page 341
Data Reduction......Page 346
Subject Detail......Page 347
Questionnaire......Page 348
Fit Rating......Page 350
Size Difference......Page 351
Regression......Page 352
DISCUSSION......Page 356
Fit Rating......Page 357
Dimensional Difference......Page 358
Correlation with Subjective Fit......Page 359
Dimensional Difference and Pressure......Page 360
CONCLUSION......Page 361
REFERENCES......Page 362
1 Introduction......Page 364
2 Kinematics......Page 367
2.1.1 Functional method for locating joint centre......Page 370
2.1.2 Rotation matrix optimization......Page 371
2.2 Effects of the rotation matrix on the kinematics......Page 375
2.3 Results on joint centre location......Page 377
2.4 Conclusion......Page 379
3 Body segment parameters......Page 381
3.1 An original Newton-Euler formalism for identification......Page 382
3.2 Conjugate gradient algorithm for identifying a symmetric and positivedefinite matrix......Page 386
3.3 Application on the upper-limb......Page 387
4 Conclusion......Page 388
5 Perspectives......Page 390
References......Page 391
INDEX......Page 398