Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement

Biomechanical Basis of Human Movement, THIRD EDITION......Page 1
Half Title Page......Page 3
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Dedication......Page 7
Preface......Page 9
Acknowledgements......Page 11
Contents......Page 13
SECTION I: Foundations of Human Movement......Page 15
OBJECTIVES......Page 17
Core Areas of Study......Page 18
Anatomical Movement Descriptors......Page 23
Reference Systems......Page 30
Summary......Page 35
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 36
REFERENCES......Page 37
GLOSSARY......Page 38
OBJECTIVES......Page 41
Measuring the Mechanical Properties of Body Tissues......Page 42
Biomechanical Characteristics of Bone......Page 45
Mechanical Properties of Bone......Page 52
Cartilage......Page 62
Bony Articulations......Page 64
Summary......Page 69
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 70
REFERENCES......Page 71
GLOSSARY......Page 73
OBJECTIVES......Page 77
Muscle Tissue Properties......Page 78
Skeletal Muscle Structure......Page 80
Force Generation in the Muscle......Page 84
Role of Muscle......Page 89
Force–Velocity Relationships in Skeletal Muscle......Page 97
Strengthening Muscle......Page 102
Injury to Skeletal Muscle......Page 108
Summary......Page 110
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 111
REFERENCES......Page 113
GLOSSARY......Page 115
OBJECTIVES......Page 119
General Organization of the Nervous System......Page 120
Motoneurons......Page 121
Sensory Receptors and Reflexes......Page 129
Effect of Training and Exercise......Page 134
Electromyography......Page 139
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 144
REFERENCES......Page 146
GLOSSARY......Page 148
SECTION II: Functional Anatomy......Page 151
OBJECTIVES......Page 153
The Shoulder Complex......Page 154
The Elbow and Radioulnar Joints......Page 169
The Wrist and Fingers......Page 177
Contribution of Upper Extremity Musculature to Sport Skills or Movements......Page 187
External Forces and Moments Acting at Joints in the Upper Extremity......Page 193
Summary......Page 194
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 195
REFERENCES......Page 197
GLOSSARY......Page 199
OBJECTIVES......Page 201
The Pelvis and Hip Complex......Page 202
The Knee Joint......Page 222
The Ankle and Foot......Page 237
Contribution of Lower Extremity Musculature to Sport Skills or Movements......Page 253
Forces Acting on Joints in the Lower Extremity......Page 257
Summary......Page 260
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 262
REFERENCES......Page 264
GLOSSARY......Page 268
OBJECTIVES......Page 273
The Vertebral Column......Page 274
Muscular Actions......Page 285
Posture and Spinal Stabilization......Page 289
Conditioning......Page 291
Injury Potential of the Trunk......Page 295
Forces Acting at Joints in the Trunk......Page 300
Summary......Page 305
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 306
REFERENCES......Page 308
GLOSSARY......Page 310
SECTION III: Mechanical Analysis of Human Motion......Page 313
OBJECTIVES......Page 315
Collection of Kinematic Data......Page 316
Position and Displacement......Page 322
Velocity and Speed......Page 324
Acceleration......Page 329
Differentiation and Integration......Page 332
Linear Kinematics of Walking and Running......Page 333
Linear Kinematics of the Golf Swing......Page 337
Linear Kinematics of Wheelchair Propulsion......Page 339
Projectile Motion......Page 340
Equations of Constant Acceleration......Page 344
Summary......Page 345
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 346
REFERENCES......Page 348
GLOSSARY......Page 349
OBJECTIVES......Page 351
Measurement of Angles......Page 352
Types of Angles......Page 354
Lower Extremity Joint Angles......Page 357
Representation of Angular Motion Vectors......Page 360
Angular Motion Relationships......Page 361
Relationship Between Angular and Linear Motion......Page 364
Angle–Angle Diagrams......Page 367
Lower Extremity Angles......Page 369
Angular Kinematics of the Golf Swing......Page 371
Angular Kinematics of Wheelchair Propulsion......Page 373
Summary......Page 374
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 375
REFERENCES......Page 377
GLOSSARY......Page 379
OBJECTIVES......Page 381
Force......Page 382
Laws of Motion......Page 385
Types of Forces......Page 386
Representation of Forces Acting on a System......Page 397
Special Force Applications......Page 409
Linear Kinetics of Locomotion......Page 411
Linear Kinetics of the Golf Swing......Page 415
Linear Kinetics of Wheelchair Propulsion......Page 416
Summary......Page 417
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 419
REFERENCES......Page 421
GLOSSARY......Page 423
OBJECTIVES......Page 425
Torque or Moment of Force......Page 426
Newton’s Laws of Motion: Angular Analogs......Page 429
Center of Mass......Page 437
Rotation and Leverage......Page 444
Representation of Torques Acting on a System......Page 447
Analysis Using Newton’s Laws of Motion......Page 449
Special Torque Applications......Page 459
Angular Kinetics of Locomotion......Page 463
Angular Kinetics of the Golf Swing......Page 465
Angular Kinetics of Wheelchair Propulsion......Page 466
Summary......Page 468
REVIEW QUESTIONS......Page 470
REFERENCES......Page 472
GLOSSARY......Page 474
APPENDIX A: The Metric System and SI Units......Page 477
APPENDIX B: Trigonometric Functions......Page 481
APPENDIX C: Sample Kinematic and Kinetic Data......Page 485
APPENDIX D: Numerical Example for Calculating Projectile Motion......Page 493
Index......Page 495