Biology and Pathology of Trophoblast

Half-title......Page 3
Title......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contents......Page 7
Contributors......Page 9
Participants......Page 11
Preface......Page 13
REFERENCES......Page 15
Chair\'s introduction......Page 17
REFERENCE......Page 18
Trophoblast stem cells......Page 19
Trophoblast giant cells......Page 20
Spongiotrophoblast......Page 22
Glycogen trophoblast cells......Page 23
Syncytiotrophoblast and chorionic villi......Page 24
REFERENCES......Page 25
DISCUSSION......Page 28
REFERENCE......Page 30
2 Stem cells: pluripotency and extraembryonic differentiation in the mouse......Page 31
Pluripotency of embryonic stem cells......Page 32
Trophoblast stem cells......Page 33
Extraembryonic endoderm (XEN) cell lines......Page 37
TS cells and XEN cells derived from ES cells......Page 38
REFERENCES......Page 41
DISCUSSION......Page 45
REFERENCES......Page 48
Role of genomic imprinting in development of the trophoblast......Page 49
Development of the trophoblast in the absence of parental imprints......Page 50
Dynamic epigenetic changes in the zygote......Page 51
The role of Enhancer of Zeste in trophoblast development......Page 52
Conclusion......Page 54
REFERENCES......Page 55
DISCUSSION......Page 56
REFERENCES......Page 60
Overview......Page 62
A new model for the initiation of imprinted X inactivation......Page 63
Time of onset of Xp inactivation......Page 65
Xp inactivation in relation to early lineage allocation......Page 66
On the nature of reversible and irreversible heterochromatin......Page 67
Xist extinction, Xp reactivaton and reprogramming......Page 68
Concluding remarks......Page 72
REFERENCES......Page 73
DISCUSSION......Page 76
REFERENCES......Page 80
General discussion I......Page 81
REFERENCES......Page 88
Hydatidiform moles......Page 90
Complete hydatidiform moles......Page 91
Partial hydatidiform moles......Page 92
Complete hydatidiform moles......Page 93
Diploid, biparental hydatidiform moles......Page 94
Differential diagnosis of hydatidiform mole......Page 95
Molecular biology of hydatidiform moles......Page 98
Mapping of the gene for familial recurrent hydatidiform mole......Page 100
Gestational trophoblastic tumours......Page 101
Choriocarcinoma......Page 102
Placental site trophoblastic tumour......Page 103
Differential diagnosis of gestational trophoblastic tumours......Page 104
Genetics of gestational trophoblastic tumours......Page 105
Molecular biology of trophoblastic tumours......Page 106
Summary......Page 108
REFERENCES......Page 109
DISCUSSION......Page 122
REFERENCES......Page 125
The maternal circulation to the human placenta......Page 127
Oxygen concentrations and gradients within the early feto–placental unit......Page 129
Redox sensitive transcription factors......Page 130
Reactive oxygen species as signalling molecules......Page 131
Metabolism......Page 132
Trophoblast behaviour......Page 133
Oxidative stress......Page 134
The contribution of the endometrial glands to the first trimester environment......Page 135
Conclusion......Page 137
REFERENCES......Page 138
DISCUSSION......Page 143
REFERENCES......Page 147
Introduction......Page 148
L-selectin and its carbohydrate ligands in the blood and vascular systems......Page 149
L-selectin and its carbohydrate ligands in human\nimplantation and placentation......Page 152
Future directions......Page 157
REFERENCES......Page 158
DISCUSSION......Page 160
REFERENCES......Page 163
Implantation......Page 164
Behaviour......Page 165
Feeding and metabolism......Page 167
Placental lactogens......Page 170
Genomic imprinting and trophoblast function......Page 171
Paternally expressed gene 3 (Peg3 )and feto–maternal coadaptation......Page 172
Concluding remarks......Page 175
REFERENCES......Page 176
DISCUSSION......Page 179
REFERENCE......Page 184
General discussion II......Page 185
REFERENCES......Page 188
9 Molecular signalling in embryo–uterine interactions during implantation......Page 189
REFERENCES......Page 199
DISCUSSION......Page 205
REFERENCES......Page 209
Introduction......Page 210
Placental pre-eclampsia: the problem of uteroplacental perfusion and spiral artery disease......Page 211
Maternal pre-eclampsia......Page 212
Placental pre-eclampsia with ischaemia: trophoblast hypoxia......Page 213
Oxidative stress......Page 215
Apoptosis and release of trophoblast debris into the maternal circulation......Page 218
Circulating trophoblast factors in pre-eclampsia: soluble Flt-1......Page 219
Circulating trophoblast factors in pre-eclampsia:\ncorticotrophin-releasing hormone......Page 221
Circulating trophoblast factors in pre-eclampsia: activin A......Page 222
Conclusion......Page 223
REFERENCES......Page 224
DISCUSSION......Page 233
REFERENCES......Page 238
Uterine NK cells......Page 239
Control of trophoblast invasion by uNK cells......Page 241
Role of uNK cells in decidualisation and menstruation......Page 244
Animal models......Page 246
Uterine macrophages and dendritic cells (DCs)......Page 248
REFERENCES......Page 250
DISCUSSION......Page 255
Models of immune recognition......Page 258
Expression of MHC antigens by trophoblast......Page 261
Trophoblast HLA-G......Page 262
Trophoblast HLA-E......Page 263
Trophoblast HLA-C......Page 265
Expression of endogenous retroviral products by trophoblast......Page 266
Conclusion......Page 268
REFERENCES......Page 269
DISCUSSION......Page 271
REFERENCES......Page 276
Final general discussion......Page 277
Index......Page 283