Biology

Cover......Page 1
Part I The Origin of Living Things......Page 2
1 The Science of Biology......Page 4
2 The Nature of Molecules......Page 20
3 The Chemical Building Blocks of Life......Page 36
4 The Origin and Early History of Life......Page 60
Part II Biology of the Cell......Page 76
5 Cell Structure......Page 78
6 Membranes......Page 104
7 Cell-Cell Interactions......Page 124
Part III Energetics......Page 142
8 Energy and Metabolism......Page 144
9 How Cells Harvest Energy......Page 160
10 Photosynthesis......Page 184
Part IV Reproduction and Heredity......Page 206
11 How Cells Divide......Page 208
12 Sexual Reproduction and Meiosis......Page 226
13 Patterns of Inheritance......Page 240
Part V Molecular Genetics......Page 278
14 DNA - The Genetic Material......Page 280
15 Genes and How They Work......Page 300
16 Control of Gene Expression......Page 314
17 Cellular Mechanisms of Development......Page 332
18 Altering the Genetic Message......Page 362
19 Gene Technology......Page 390
Part VI Evolution......Page 420
20 Genese within Populations......Page 422
21 The Evidence for Evolution......Page 440
22 The Origin of Species......Page 458
23 How Humans Evolved......Page 478
Part VII Ecology and Behavior......Page 494
24 Population Ecology......Page 496
25 Community Ecology......Page 516
26 Animal Behavior......Page 534
27 Behavioral Ecology......Page 554
Part VIII The Global Environment......Page 570
28 Dynamics of Ecosystems......Page 572
29 The Biosphere......Page 592
30 The Future of the Biosphere......Page 612
31 Conservation Biology......Page 626
Part IX Viruses and Simple Organisms......Page 648
32 How We Classify Organisms......Page 650
33 Viruses......Page 666
34 Bacteria......Page 680
35 Protists......Page 694
36 Fungi......Page 720
Part X Plan Form and Function......Page 734
37 Evolutionary History of Plants......Page 736
38 The Plant Body......Page 754
39 Nutrition and Transport in Plants......Page 778
Part XI Plant Growth and Reproduction......Page 794
40 Early Plant Development......Page 796
41 How Plants Grow in Response to Their Environment......Page 808
42 Plant Reproduction......Page 838
43 Plant Genomics......Page 854
Part XII Animal Diversity......Page 874
44 The Noncoelomate Animals......Page 876
45 Mollusks and Annelids......Page 900
46 Arthropods......Page 914
47 Echinoderms......Page 934
48 Vertebrates......Page 946
Part XIII Animal Form and Function......Page 982
49 Organization of the Animal Body......Page 984
50 Locomotion......Page 1000
51 Fueling Body Activities - Digestion......Page 1018
52 Circulation......Page 1038
53 Respiration......Page 1054
Part XIV Regulating the Animal......Page 1072
54 The Nervous System......Page 1074
55 Sensory Systems......Page 1104
56 The Endocrine System......Page 1126
57 The Immune System......Page 1148
58 Maintaining the Internal Environment......Page 1174
59 Sex and Reproduction......Page 1196
60 Vertebrate Development......Page 1216