Biology

Cover
Title Page
Copyright Page
Brief Contents
About the Authors
Preface
Relevancy
Connect
Overview of Content Changes to Biology, Thirteenth Edition
Acknowledgments
Readings
Contents
Chapter 1: A View of Life
	1.1 The Characteristics of Life
	1.2 Evolution and the Classification of Life
	1.3 The Process of Science
	1.4 Challenges Facing Science
Unit 1: The Cell
	Chapter 2: Basic Chemistry
		2.1 Chemical Elements
		2.2 Molecules and Compounds
		2.3 Chemistry of Water
		2.4 Acids and Bases
	Chapter 3: The Chemistry of Organic Molecules
		3.1 Organic Molecules
		3.2 Carbohydrates
		3.3 Lipids
		3.4 Proteins
		3.5 Nucleic Acids
	Chapter 4: Cell Structure and Function
		4.1 Cellular Level of Organization
		4.2 Prokaryotic Cells
		4.3 Introduction to Eukaryotic Cells
		4.4 The Nucleus and Ribosomes
		4.5 The Endomembrane System
		4.6 Microbodies and Vacuoles
		4.7 The Energy-Related Organelles
		4.8 The Cytoskeleton
	Chapter 5: Membrane Structure and Function
		5.1 Plasma Membrane Structure and Function
		5.2 Passive Transport Across a Membrane
		5.3 Active Transport Across a Membrane
		5.4 Modification of Cell Surfaces
	Chapter 6: Metabolism: Energy and Enzymes
		6.1 Cells and the Flow of Energy
		6.2 Metabolic Reactions and Energy Transformations
		6.3 Metabolic Pathways and Enzymes
		6.4 Oxidation-Reduction Reactions and Metabolism
	Chapter 7: Photosynthesis
		7.1 Photosynthetic Organisms
		7.2 The Process of Photosynthesis
		7.3 Plants Convert Solar Energy
		7.4 Plants Fix Carbon Dioxide
		7.5 Other Types of Photosynthesis
	Chapter 8: Cellular Respiration
		8.1 Overview of Cellular Respiration
		8.2 Outside the Mitochondria: Glycolysis
		8.3 Outside the Mitochondria: Fermentation
		8.4 Inside the Mitochondria
		8.5 Metabolism
Unit 2: Genetic Basis of Life
	Chapter 9: The Cell Cycle and Cellular Reproduction
		9.1 The Cell Cycle
		9.2 The Eukaryotic Chromosome
		9.3 Mitosis and Cytokinesis
		9.4 The Cell Cycle and Cancer
		9.5 Prokaryotic Cell Division
	Chapter 10: Meiosis and Sexual Reproduction
		10.1 Overview of Meiosis
		10.2 Genetic Variation
		10.3 The Phases of Meiosis
		10.4 Meiosis Compared to Mitosis
		10.5 The Cycle of Life
		10.6 Changes in Chromosome Number and Structure
	Chapter 11: Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance
		11.1 Gregor Mendel
		11.2 Mendel’s Laws
		11.3 Mendelian Patterns of Inheritance and Human Disease
		11.4 Beyond Mendelian Inheritance
	Chapter 12: Molecular Biology of the Gene
		12.1 The Genetic Material
		12.2 Replication of DNA
		12.3 Gene Expression: RNA and the Genetic Code
		12.4 Gene Expression: Transcription
		12.5 Gene Expression: Translation
	Chapter 13: Regulation of Gene Expression
		13.1 Prokaryotic Regulation
		13.2 Eukaryotic Regulation
		13.3 Gene Mutations
	Chapter 14: Biotechnology and Genomics
		14.1 DNA Technology
		14.2 Biotechnology Products
		14.3 Gene Therapy
		14.4 Genomics
Unit 3: Evolution
	Chapter 15: Darwin and Evolution
		15.1 History of Evolutionary Thought
		15.2 Darwin’s Theory of Evolution
		15.3 Evidence for Evolution
	Chapter 16: How Populations Evolve
		16.1 Genes, Populations, and Evolution
		16.2 Natural Selection
		16.3 Maintenance of Diversity
	Chapter 17: Speciation and Macroevolution
		17.1 How New Species Evolve
		17.2 Modes of Speciation
		17.3 Principles of Macroevolution
	Chapter 18: Origin and History of Life
		18.1 Origin of Life
		18.2 History of Life
		18.3 Geological Factors That Influence Evolution
	Chapter 19: Taxonomy, Systematics, and Phylogeny
		19.1 Systematic Biology
		19.2 The Three-Domain System
		19.3 Phylogeny
Unit 4: Microbiology and Evolution
	Chapter 20: Viruses, Bacteria, and Archaea
		20.1 Viruses, Viroids, and Prions
		20.2 The Prokaryotes
		20.3 The Bacteria
		20.4 The Archaea
	Chapter 21: Protist Evolution and Diversity
		21.1 General Biology of Protists
		21.2 Supergroup Archaeplastida
		21.3 Supergroup SAR
		21.4 Supergroup Excavata
		21.5 Supergroups Amoebozoa and Opisthokonta
	Chapter 22: Fungi Evolution and Diversity
		22.1 Evolution and Characteristics of Fungi
		22.2 Diversity of Fungi
		22.3 Symbiotic Relationships of Fungi
Unit 5: Plant Evolution and Biology
	Chapter 23: Plant Evolution and Diversity
		23.1 Ancestry and Features of Land Plants
		23.2 Evolution of Bryophytes: Colonization of Land
		23.3 Evolution of Lycophytes: Vascular Tissue
		23.4 Evolution of Pteridophytes: Megaphylls
		23.5 Evolution of Seed Plants: Full Adaptation to Land
	Chapter 24: Flowering Plants: Structure and Organization
		24.1 Cells and Tissues of Flowering Plants
		24.2 Organs of Flowering Plants
		24.3 Organization and Diversity of Roots
		24.4 Organization and Diversity of Stems
		24.5 Organization and Diversity of Leaves
	Chapter 25: Flowering Plants: Nutrition and Transport
		25.1 Plant Nutrition and Soil
		25.2 Water and Mineral Uptake
		25.3 Transport Mechanisms in Plants
	Chapter 26: Flowering Plants: Control of Growth Responses
		26.1 Plant Hormones
		26.2 Plant Growth and Movement Responses
		26.3 Plant Responses to Phytochrome
	Chapter 27: Flowering Plants: Reproduction
		27.1 Sexual Reproductive Strategies
		27.2 Seed Development
		27.3 Fruit Types and Seed Dispersal
		27.4 Asexual Reproductive Strategies
Unit 6: Animal Evolution and Diversity
	Chapter 28: Invertebrate Evolution
		28.1 Evolution of Animals
		28.2 The Simplest Invertebrates
		28.3 Diversity Among the Spiralians
		28.4 Diversity of the Ecdysozoans
		28.5 Invertebrate Deuterostomes
	Chapter 29: Vertebrate Evolution
		29.1 The Chordates
		29.2 The Vertebrates
		29.3 The Fishes
		29.4 The Amphibians
		29.5 The Reptiles
		29.6 The Mammals
	Chapter 30: Human Evolution
		30.1 Evolution of Primates
		30.2 Evolution of Humanlike Hominins
		30.3 Evolution of Early Genus Homo
		30.4 Evolution of Later Genus Homo
Unit 7: Comparative Animal Biology
	Chapter 31: Animal Organization and Homeostasis
		31.1 Types of Tissues
		31.2 Organs, Organ Systems, and Body Cavities
		31.3 The Integumentary System
		31.4 Homeostasis
	Chapter 32: Circulation and Cardiovascular Systems
		32.1 Transport in Invertebrates
		32.2 Transport in Vertebrates
		32.3 The Human Cardiovascular System
		32.4 Blood
	Chapter 33: The Lymphatic and Immune Systems
		33.1 Evolution of Immune Systems
		33.2 The Lymphatic System
		33.3 Innate Immune Defenses
		33.4 Adaptive Immune Defenses
		33.5 Immune System Disorders and Hypersensitivity Reactions
	Chapter 34: Digestive Systems and Nutrition
		34.1 Digestive Tracts
		34.2 The Human Digestive System
		34.3 Digestive Enzymes
		34.4 Nutrition and Human Health
	Chapter 35: Respiratory Systems
		35.1 Gas-Exchange Surfaces
		35.2 Breathing and Transport of Gases
		35.3 Respiration and Human Health
	Chapter 36: Body Fluid Regulation and Excretory Systems
		36.1 Animal Excretory Systems
		36.2 The Human Urinary System
	Chapter 37: Neurons and Nervous Systems
		37.1 Evolution of the Nervous System
		37.2 Nervous Tissue
		37.3 The Central Nervous System
		37.4 The Peripheral Nervous System
	Chapter 38: Sense Organs 709
		38.1 Sensory Receptors
		38.2 Chemical Senses
		38.3 Sense of Vision
		38.4 Senses of Hearing and Equilibrium
		38.5 Somatic Senses
	Chapter 39: Locomotion and Support Systems
		39.1 Diversity of Skeletons
		39.2 The Human Skeletal System
		39.3 The Muscular System
	Chapter 40: Hormones and Endocrine Systems
		40.1 Animal Hormones
		40.2 Hypothalamus and Pituitary Gland
		40.3 Other Endocrine Glands and Hormones
	Chapter 41: Reproductive Systems
		41.1 How Animals Reproduce
		41.2 Human Male Reproductive System
		41.3 Human Female Reproductive System
		41.4 Control of Human Reproduction
		41.5 Sexually Transmitted Diseases
	Chapter 42: Animal Development and Aging
		42.1 Early Developmental Stages
		42.2 Developmental Processes
		42.3 Human Embryonic and Fetal Development
		42.4 The Aging Process
Unit 8: Behavior and Ecology
	Chapter 43: Behavioral Ecology
		43.1 Inheritance Influences Behavior
		43.2 The Environment Influences Behavior
		43.3 Animal Communication
		43.4 Behaviors That Increase Fitness
	Chapter 44: Population Ecology
		44.1 Scope of Ecology
		44.2 Demographics of Populations
		44.3 Population Growth Models
		44.4 Regulation of Population Size
		44.5 Life History Patterns
		44.6 Human Population Growth
	Chapter 45: Community and Ecosystem Ecology
		45.1 Ecology of Communities
		45.2 Community Development
		45.3 Dynamics of an Ecosystem
		45.4 Ecological Consequences of Climate Change
	Chapter 46: Major Ecosystems of the Biosphere
		46.1 Climate and the Biosphere
		46.2 Terrestrial Ecosystems
		46.3 Aquatic Ecosystems
	Chapter 47: Conservation of Biodiversity
		47.1 Conservation Biology and Biodiversity
		47.2 Value of Biodiversity
		47.3 Causes of Extinction
		47.4 Conservation Techniques
	Appendices
		Appendix A: Periodic Table of Elements & The Metric System
		Appendix B: Answer Key
	Glossary
	Index