Biochemistry, 5th Edition (Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews)

Cover Page......Page 1
Title Page......Page 5
Copyright......Page 6
Contributing Authors (Chapter 26)......Page 7
Dedication......Page 8
Contents......Page 9
II. STRUCTURE OF THE AMINO ACIDS......Page 11
III. ACIDIC AND BASIC PROPERTIES OF AMINO ACIDS......Page 16
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 20
Study Questions......Page 22
II. PRIMARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS......Page 23
III. SECONDARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS......Page 26
IV. TERTIARY STRUCTURE OF GLOBULAR PROTEINS......Page 28
V. QUATERNARY STRUCTURE OF PROTEINS......Page 30
VI. PROTEIN MISFOLDING......Page 31
VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 32
Study Questions......Page 34
II. GLOBULAR HEMEPROTEINS......Page 35
III. ORGANIZATION OF THE GLOBIN GENES......Page 44
IV. HEMOGLOBINOPATHIES......Page 45
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 49
Study Questions......Page 50
II. COLLAGEN......Page 53
III. ELASTIN......Page 59
Study Questions......Page 62
II. NOMENCLATURE......Page 63
III. PROPERTIES OF ENZYMES......Page 64
IV. HOW ENZYMES WORK......Page 65
V. FACTORS AFFECTING REACTION VELOCITY......Page 66
VI. MICHAELIS-MENTEN EQUATION......Page 68
VII. INHIBITION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY......Page 70
VIII. REGULATION OF ENZYME ACTIVITY......Page 72
IX. ENZYMES IN CLINICAL DIAGNOSIS......Page 74
X. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 76
Study Questions......Page 78
II. FREE ENERGY......Page 79
III. FREE ENERGY CHANGE......Page 80
IV. ATP AS AN ENERGY CARRIER......Page 82
V. ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN......Page 83
VI. OXIDATIVE PHOSPHORYLATION......Page 87
VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 90
Study Questions......Page 92
II. CLASSIFICATION AND STRUCTURE OF  CARBOHYDRATES......Page 93
III. DIGESTION OF DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES......Page 96
IV. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 98
Study Question......Page 100
I. INTRODUCTION TO METABOLISM......Page 101
II. REGULATION OF METABOLISM......Page 103
IV. TRANSPORT OF GLUCOSE INTO CELLS......Page 106
V. REACTIONS OF GLYCOLYSIS......Page 107
VI. HORMONAL REGULATION OF GLYCOLYSIS......Page 114
VIII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 115
Study Questions......Page 118
II. REACTIONS OF THE TCA CYCLE......Page 119
III. ENERGY PRODUCED BY THE TCA CYCLE......Page 123
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 124
Study Questions......Page 126
II. SUBSTRATES FOR GLUCONEOGENESIS......Page 127
III. REACTIONS UNIQUE TO GLUCONEOGENESIS......Page 128
IV. REGULATION OF GLUCONEOGENESIS......Page 131
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 133
Study Questions......Page 134
II. STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF GLYCOGEN......Page 135
III. SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOGEN (GLYCOGENESIS)......Page 136
IV. DEGRADATION OF GLYCOGEN (GLYCOGENOLYSIS)......Page 138
V. REGULATION OF GLYCOGEN SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION......Page 141
VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 144
Study Questions......Page 146
II. FRUCTOSE METABOLISM......Page 147
III. GALACTOSE METABOLISM......Page 150
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 152
Study Questions......Page 154
II. IRREVERSIBLE OXIDATIVE REACTIONS......Page 155
IV. USES OF NADPH......Page 157
V. GLUCOSE 6-P DEHYDROGENASE DEFICIENCY......Page 162
VI. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 164
Study Questions......Page 165
II. STRUCTURE OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS......Page 167
III. SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS......Page 168
IV. DEGRADATION OF GLYCOSAMINOGLYCANS......Page 172
V. MUCOPOLYSACCHARIDOSES......Page 173
VII. STRUCTURE OF GLYCOPROTEIN OLIGOSACCHARIDES......Page 175
VIII. SYNTHESIS OF GLYCOPROTEINS......Page 176
X. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 180
Study Questions......Page 182
II. DIGESTION, ABSORPTION, SECRETION, AND UTILIZATION OF DIETARY LIPIDS......Page 183
Study Questions......Page 190
II. STRUCTURE OF FATTY ACIDS......Page 191
III. DE NOVO SYNTHESIS OF FATTY ACIDS......Page 193
IV. MOBILIZATION OF STORED FATS AND OXIDATION OF FATTY ACIDS......Page 199
V. KETONE BODIES: AN ALTERNATE FUEL FOR CELLS......Page 205
Study Questions......Page 208
II. STRUCTURE OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS......Page 211
III. PHOSPHOLIPID SYNTHESIS......Page 213
IV. DEGRADATION OF PHOSPHOLIPIDS......Page 217
V. OVERVIEW OF GLYCOLIPIDS......Page 218
VI. STRUCTURE OF GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS......Page 219
VII. SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION OF GLYCOSPHINGOLIPIDS......Page 220
VIII. PROSTAGLANDINS AND RELATED COMPOUNDS......Page 223
IX. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 226
Study Questions......Page 228
II. STRUCTURE OF CHOLESTEROL......Page 229
III. SYNTHESIS OF CHOLESTEROL......Page 230
V. BILE ACIDS AND BILE SALTS......Page 234
VI. PLASMA LIPOPROTEINS......Page 237
VII. STEROID HORMONES......Page 247
VIII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 250
Study Questions......Page 252
II. OVERALL NITROGEN METABOLISM......Page 255
III. DIGESTION OF DIETARY PROTEINS......Page 257
IV. TRANSPORT OF AMINO ACIDS INTO CELLS......Page 259
V. REMOVAL OF NITROGEN FROM AMINO ACIDS......Page 260
VI. UREA CYCLE......Page 263
VII. METABOLISM OF AMMONIA......Page 266
VIII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 268
Study Questions:......Page 270
II. GLUCOGENIC AND KETOGENIC AMINO ACIDS......Page 271
III. CATABOLISM OF THE CARBON SKELETONS OF AMINO ACIDS......Page 272
V. BIOSYNTHESIS OF NONESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS......Page 277
VI. METABOLIC DEFECTS IN AMINO ACID METABOLISM......Page 280
VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 284
Study Questions:......Page 286
II. PORPHYRIN METABOLISM......Page 287
III. OTHER NITROGEN-CONTAINING COMPOUNDS......Page 295
IV. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 298
Study Questions......Page 300
II. NUCLEOTIDE STRUCTURE......Page 301
III. SYNTHESIS OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES......Page 302
IV. SYNTHESIS OF DEOXYRIBONUCLEOTIDES......Page 307
V. DEGRADATION OF PURINE NUCLEOTIDES......Page 308
VI. PYRIMIDINE SYNTHESIS AND DEGRADATION......Page 312
VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 314
Study Questions......Page 316
II. INSULIN......Page 317
III. GLUCAGON......Page 323
IV. HYPOGLYCEMIA......Page 324
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 328
Study Questions......Page 330
II. ENZYMIC CHANGES IN THE ABSORPTIVE STATE......Page 331
III. LIVER: NUTRIENT DISTRIBUTION CENTER......Page 332
IV. ADIPOSE TISSUE: ENERGY STORAGE DEPOT......Page 334
V. RESTING SKELETAL MUSCLE......Page 335
VI. BRAIN......Page 336
VII. OVERVIEW OF FASTING......Page 337
VIII. LIVER IN FASTING......Page 339
X. RESTING SKELETAL MUSCLE IN FASTING......Page 341
XII. KIDNEY IN LONG-TERM FASTING......Page 342
XIII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 343
Study Questions......Page 346
I. OVERVIEW OF DIABETES MELLITUS......Page 347
II. TYPE 1 DIABETES......Page 348
III. TYPE 2 DIABETES......Page 351
IV. CHRONIC EFFECTS AND PREVENTION OF DIABETES......Page 354
V. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 356
Study Questions......Page 358
II. ASSESSMENT OF OBESITY......Page 359
III. BODY WEIGHT REGULATION......Page 361
IV. MOLECULES THAT INFLUENCE OBESITY......Page 362
V. METABOLIC CHANGES OBSERVED IN OBESITY......Page 363
VII. WEIGHT REDUCTION......Page 364
Study Question......Page 366
II. DIETARY REFERENCE INTAKES......Page 367
III. ENERGY REQUIREMENT IN HUMANS......Page 368
V. DIETARY FATS......Page 370
VI. DIETARY CARBOHYDRATES......Page 375
VII. DIETARY PROTEIN......Page 377
Study Questions......Page 380
I. OVERVIEW......Page 383
II. FOLIC ACID......Page 384
III. COBALAMIN (VITAMIN B12)......Page 385
IV. ASCORBIC ACID (VITAMIN C)......Page 387
VI. THIAMINE (VITAMIN B1)......Page 388
VII. NIACIN......Page 389
VIII. RIBOFLAVIN (VITAMIN B2)......Page 390
XI. VITAMIN A......Page 391
XII. VITAMIN D......Page 396
XIII. VITAMIN K......Page 399
XIV. VITAMIN E......Page 401
Study Questions......Page 404
I. OVERVIEW......Page 405
II. STRUCTURE OF DNA......Page 406
III. STEPS IN PROKARYOTIC DNA SYNTHESIS......Page 409
IV. EUKARYOTIC DNA REPLICATION......Page 416
V. ORGANIZATION OF EUKARYOTIC DNA......Page 419
VI. DNA REPAIR......Page 420
VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 423
Study Questions......Page 426
II. STRUCTURE OF RNA......Page 427
III. TRANSCRIPTION OF PROKARYOTIC GENES......Page 429
IV. TRANSCRIPTION OF EUKARYOTIC GENES......Page 432
V. POSTTRANSCRIPTIONAL MODIFICATION OF RNA......Page 434
VI. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 437
Study Questions......Page 440
II. THE GENETIC CODE......Page 441
III. COMPONENTS REQUIRED FOR TRANSLATION......Page 444
IV. CODON RECOGNITION BY tRNA......Page 447
V. STEPS IN PROTEIN SYNTHESIS......Page 448
VI. CO- AND POSTTRANSLATIONAL MODIFICATION OF POLYPEPTIDE CHAINS......Page 453
VII. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 455
Study Questions......Page 457
II. REGULATORY SEQUENCES AND MOLECULES......Page 459
III. REGULATION OF PROKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION......Page 460
IV. REGULATION OF EUKARYOTIC GENE EXPRESSION......Page 464
Study Questions......Page 472
II. RESTRICTION ENDONUCLEASES......Page 475
III. DNA CLONING......Page 477
IV. PROBES......Page 480
VI. RESTRICTION FRAGMENT LENGTH POLYMORPHISM......Page 483
VII. POLYMERASE CHAIN REACTION......Page 489
VIII. ANALYSIS OF GENE EXPRESSION......Page 493
IX. GENE THERAPY......Page 495
XI. CHAPTER SUMMARY......Page 496
Study Questions......Page 497
Index......Page 499
The Lippincott’s Illustrated Reviews Series......Page 531
the Point......Page 532
Back-Cover......Page 533