Biochemical Engineering

Chapter 1.Introduction
	Biochemical Engineering
	Biological Process
	Definition of Fermentation
	Problems
	References
Chapter 2.Enzyme Kinetics
	Introduction
		Commercial Applications of Enzymes
	Simple Enzyme Kinetics
		Michaelis-Menten Approach
		Briggs˚Haldane Approach
		Numerical Solution
		Evaluation of Michaelis-Menten Parameters
	Enzyme Reactor with Simple Kinetics
		Batch or Steady˚State Plug˚Flow Reactor
		Continuous Stirred˚Tank Reactor
	Inhibition of Enzyme Reactions
		Competitive Inhibition
		Noncompetitive Inhibition
	Other Influences on Enzyme Activity
		Effect of pH
		Effect of Temperature
		Effect of Shear
	Experiment: Enzyme Kinetics
	Nomenclature
	Problems
	References
Chapter 3 Immobilized Enzyme
	Immobilization Techniques
		Physical Method
	Effect of Mass˚Transfer Resistance
		External Mass˚Transfer Resistance
		Internal Mass˚Transfer Resistance
		Effective Diffusivities in Biological Gels
	Nomenclature
	Problems
	References
Chapter 4 Industrial Applications of Enzymes
	Carbohydrates
		Disaccharides
		Polysaccharides
	Starch Conversion
	Cellulose Conversion
		Lignocellulosic Materials
		Cellulose Pretreatment and Hydrolysis
		Cellulases
		Kinetics of Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose
	Experiment
		Reducing Sugar Analysis
		Enzyme Assay: Filter Paper Activity
		Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose
	Nomenclature
	Problems
	References
Chapter 5 Cell Cultivations
	Microbial Cell Cultivations
		Bacteria
		Fungi
		Culture Media
		Example of Penicillin Production
	Animal Cell Cultivations
		Animal Cells
		Growth Media
		Monoclonal Antibodies
	Plant Cell Cultivations
		Plant Cells
		Types of Plant Tissue Culture
		Culture Media
		Secondary Metabolite Production
	Cell Growth Measurement
		Measurement of Cell Number
		Measurement of Cell Mass
		Indirect Methods
	Cell Immobilization
	Experiments
		Yeast Growth Curve
		Plant Cell Growth Curve
		Plant Cell Immobilization
	References
Chapter 6 Cell Kinetics and Fermenter Design
	Definitions
	Growth Cycle for Batch Cultivation
		Lag Phase
		Exponential Growth Phase
		Factors Affecting the Specific Growth Rate
		Stationary and Death Phase
	Stirred˚tank Fermenter
		Batch or Plug˚Flow Fermenter
		Ideal Continuous Stirred˚tank Fermenter
		Evaluation of Monod Kinetic Parameters
		Productivity of CSTF
		Comparison of Batch and CSTF
	Multiple Fermenters Connected in Series
		CSTF and PFF in Series
		Multiple CSTFs in Series
	Cell Recycling
		PFF with Cell Recycling
		CSTF with Cell Recycling
	Alternative Fermenters
		Column Fermenter
		Loop Fermenter
	Structured Model
		General Structured Model
		Two˚Compartment Model
	Nomenclature
	Problems
	References
Chapter 7 Genetic Engineering
	Cloning of a Gene
		Understanding of DNA Sequences
		The Joining of DNA Molecules
	Stability of Recombinant Microorganisms
		Fermentation Kinetics of the Recombinant Cultures
		Continuous Stirred˚tank Fermenter (CSTF)
		Methods of Stabilization
	Genetic Engineering of Plant Cells
		Gene Manipulation
		Transformation
	Nomenclature
	Problems
	References
Chapter 8 Sterilization
	Thermal Death Kinetics
	Design Criterion
	Batch Sterilization
	Continuous Sterilization
	Air Sterilization
	Nomenclature
	Problems
	References
Chapter 9 Agitation and Aeration
	Basic Mass˚Transfer Concepts
		Molecular Diffusion in Liquids
		Mass˚Transfer Coefficient
		Mechanism of Mass Transfer
	Correlation for Mass˚Transfer Coefficient
	Measurement of Interfacial Area
	Correlations for a and D32
		Gas Sparging with No Mechanical Agitation
		Gas Sparging with Mechanical Agitation
	Gas Hold˚Up
	Power Consumption
	Determination of Oxygen˚Absorption Rate
		Sodium Sulfite Oxidation Method
		Dynamic Gassing˚out Technique
		Direct Measurement
		Dynamic Technique
	Correlation for kLa
		Bubble Column
		Mechanically Agitated Vessel
	Scale˚Up
		Similitude
		Criteria of Scale˚Up
	Shear˚Sensitive Mixing
	Nomenclature
	Problems
	References