Bioceramic Materials in Clinical Endodontics

Preface
Acknowledgements
Contents
Current Classification of Bioceramic Materials in Endodontics
	1 Introduction
	2 Classification of Hydraulic Cements
	3 Bioceramics and Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cements
	4 Clinical Presentation
	5 Conclusions
	References
Characterization and Properties of Bioceramic Materials for Endodontics
	1 Introduction
	2 Coronal Use
		2.1 Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties
		2.2 Biological Characteristics
		2.3 Clinical Performance and Material Interactions
	3 Intra-radicular Use
		3.1 Chemial, Physical and Mechanical Properties
		3.2 Biological Characteristics
		3.3 Clinical Performance and Material Interactions
	4 Extra-radicular Use
		4.1 Chemical, Physical and Mechanical Properties
		4.2 Biological Characteristics
		4.3 Clinical Performance and Material Interactions
		4.4 Conclusions
	References
Bioceramic Materials for Vital Pulp Therapy
	1 Introduction
	2 Pulp Inflammation and Healing
	3 Pulp Capping and Biomaterials
	4 Step-by-Step Procedures
		4.1 Pulp Capping
		4.2 Pulp Chamber Pulpotomy
	5 Application of Pulp Capping and ‘Bioproducts’ to Stimulate Regeneration
	6 Short- and Long-Term Future Developments
	7 Conclusions
	References
Bioceramic Materials in Regenerative Endodontics
	1 Pulp Regeneration
	2 Regeneration or Repair
	3 Clinical Treatment
	4 Limitations
	5 The Use of Hydraulic Calcium Silicate Cements for Revitalization
	6 Reaction of Hydraulic Tricalcium Silicates with Tissue Fluids
	7 Mechanical Properties of Hydraulic Calcium Silicates in Revitalization
	8 Discoloration
	9 Conclusion
	References
Bioceramic Materials for Root Canal Obturation
	1 Introduction
	2 Flowable Hydraulic Calcium Silicate–Based Obturation Materials
		2.1 iRoot®SP, EndoSequence® BC Sealer™, and TotalFill® BC Sealer™
		2.2 EndoSequence BC Sealer HiFlow and TotalFill® BC Sealer HiFlow™
		2.3 Bio-C Sealer
		2.4 Well-Root ST
		2.5 CeraSeal
		2.6 BioRoot™ RCS
	3 Bioceramic-Coated (BC) Gutta-Percha Points for Root Canal Obturation
	4 Sealer Delivery Methods
	5 Root Canal Obturation Techniques
		5.1 Cold Lateral Compaction
		5.2 Warm Vertical Condensation and Its Modifications
		5.3 Single-Cone Obturation
	6 Conclusions
	References
Bioceramic Materials for Management of Endodontic Complications
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials Used for Management of Endodontic Complications
		2.1 iRoot®BP, EndoSequence® BC RRM™, and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Paste
		2.2 iRoot®BP Plus, EndoSequence® BC RRM™, and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Putty
		2.3 iRoot®FS, EndoSequence® BC RRM™, and TotalFill® BC RRM™ Fast Set Putty
		2.4 Well-Root™ PT
		2.5 Biodentine®
	3 Temporary Bioceramic–Based Root Canal Dressing Materials
	4 Apexification Procedures
	5 Perforation Repair
		5.1 Definition, Etiology, and Clinical Manifestation
		5.2 Techniques of the Perforation Repair
			5.2.1	 Perforation Repair Using Putty-Type Materials
			5.2.2	 Perforation Repair Using Flowable Materials and Injection Technique
			5.2.3	 Perforation Repair Using Single-Cone or Modified Single-Cone Obturation Techniques
	6 Repair of Resorptive Defects
	7 Endodontic Surgery Procedures
	8 Conclusions
	References
Bioceramic Materials in Pediatric Dentistry
	1 Introduction
	2 Endodontic Management of the Primary Molars
		2.1 Stepwise Excavation and Indirect Pulp Capping
		2.2 Direct Pulp Capping
		2.3 Partial Pulpotomy
		2.4 Pulpotomy, Wound Dressing, Tissue Reaction, and Outcome
		2.5 Clinical Procedure
	3 Deep Carious Lesions in Immature First Permanent Molars
	4 Pulpotomy in Traumatized Immature Teeth
	5 Conclusions
	References