Biobased Materials: Recent Developments and Industrial Applications

Preface
Contents
Biobased Material for Food Packaging
	1 Introduction
	2 Polysaccharide-Based Material
		2.1 Cellulose and Hemicellulose
		2.2 Starch
		2.3 Lignin
		2.4 Chitosan/Chitin
	3 Protein-Based Material
		3.1 Plant Sources
		3.2 Animal Sources
	4 Lipid-Based Material
	5 Microbial-Based Material
		5.1 Polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA)
		5.2 Polylactic Acid (PLA)
		5.3 Exopolysaccharides (EPS)
	6 Application of the Biobased Material in Food Packaging
	7 Conclusion and Future Prospects
	References
Cytotoxicity and Biocompatibility of Biobased Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Biomaterials
	3 Characteristics of Biomaterials
	4 Types of Biomaterials
	5 Bone Cement and Lenses
	6 Artificial Ligaments and Tendons
	7 Breast Implantation
	8 Drug Delivery with Polymeric Systems
	9 Surgical Sutures, Clips, and Staples to Close the Wound
	10 Nerve Regeneration
	11 Biomaterials and Skin
	12 Vascular Grafting
	13 Prosthetic Meshes
	14 Evolving Fast: Third Generation Biomaterials
	15 Conclusion
	References
Carbon Nanostructures, Nanomaterials and Energy Storage–A Critical Overview and the Visionary Future
	1 Introduction
	2 The Aim and Objective of This Study
	3 Industrialization, Urbanization and Application of Nanotechnology and Nano-engineering
	4 What Do You Mean by Nanomaterials and Engineered Nanomaterials?
	5 The Scientific Doctrine of Industrial Wastewater Management and Integrated Water Resource Management
	6 Recent Scientific Advances in the Field of Carbon Nanotubes, Carbon Nanostructures and Energy Engineering
	7 Recent Scientific Advances in the Field of Industrial Wastewater Management and Water Purification and Separation
	8 Recent Scientific Pursuit in Nanomaterials and Water Remediation Science
	9 Industrialization, Nanomaterials and the Visionary Road Ahead
	10 The Challenges and Difficulties of Arsenic and Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation
	11 The Health Effects and Environmental Ethics of Nanomaterials Applications
	12 Renewable Energy in the Global Scenario and Future of Human Civilization
	13 Sustainable Development, Sustainable Engineering and the Visionary Road Ahead
	14 Nanostructures, Nano-engineering and the Scientific Sagacity of Human Progress
	15 Future Flow of Scientific Thoughts and Futuristic Recommendations of This Comprehensive Study
	16 Conclusion and Future Environmental Engineering Perspectives
	References
Bio-based Materials in Bioelectronics
	1 Introduction to Bio-based Material and Bioelectronics
	2 The Interface of Bio-based Materials in Bioelectronics
	3 Classification of Bio-based Materials
		3.1 Bio-based Polymer: Synthesis and Application in Bioelectronics
		3.2 Applications of Synthetic Bio-based Polymer in Bioelectronics
		3.3 Naturally Extracted Bio-based Polymer Used in Bioelectronics
		3.4 Bio-based Ceramics
	4 Classification Of Bioelectronics
		4.1 Bioelectromagnetics
		4.2 Bioi Instrumentation
		4.3 Biomechatronics
		4.4 Robotics
		4.5 Neural Network
		4.6 Biosensor
	5 Challenges and Limitations for Bio-based Materials in Bioelectronics
	6 Future of Use of Bio-based Materials in Bioelectronics
	References
Biobased Materials and the Vast Domain of Environmental Pollution Control–A Critical Overview
	1 Introduction
	2 The Aim and Objective of This Study
	3 The Need and Rationale of This Study
	4 Climate Change, Global Warming, and Sustainability
	5 Environmental Sustainability and the Visionary Future
	6 Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Biobased Materials and Their Applications
	7 Recent and Significant Advances in the Field of Bionanocomposites
	8 Global Water Science and Technology Research and Sustainable Resource Management
	9 The Status of the Global Scenario in Biotechnology
	10 Arsenic and Heavy Metal Contamination and Subsequent Environmental Remediation
	11 Global Scientific Strategies in the Field of Application of Biobased Materials
	12 Sustainable Resource Management, Integrated Water Resource Management, and the Progress of Human Society
	13 Biobased Materials, Water Science and Technology, and the Road to Scientific Wisdom
	14 Future Scientific Recommendations of This Study and the Visionary Future
	15 Future in the Applications of Different Techniques in Biofuels
	16 Conclusion, Summary, and Environmental Perspectives
	References
Recent Trends in Eco-Friendly Materials for Agrochemical Pollutants Removal: Polysaccharide-Based Nanocomposite Materials
	1 Introduction
	2 Agrochemicals
		2.1 Origin and Classification
		2.2 Pesticides
		2.3 Fertilizers
		2.4 Environmental Implications, Remediation Treatments, and Regulations
	3 Nanocomposite Materials Based on Single Polysaccharides
	4 Nanocomposite Materials Based on Polysaccharide Blends
	5 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
	References
Protein-Based Biomaterials for Sustainable Remediation of Aquatic Environments
	1 Introduction
	2 Collagen
		2.1 Structure
		2.2 Sources
		2.3 Collagen Superfamily
		2.4 Biosynthesis Overview
		2.5 Biomaterial from Collagen and Their Applications
	3 Keratin
		3.1 Sources of Keratin
		3.2 Structure of Keratin
		3.3 Biomaterial of Keratin and Its Application
	4 Elastin
		4.1 Source and Isolation
		4.2 Biochemistry of Elastin
		4.3 Application of Elastin-Based Biomaterials
	5 Silk
		5.1 Source and Isolation
		5.2 Characterization
		5.3 Biochemistry of Silk
		5.4 Applications on Silk-Based Biomaterials
	6 Conclusions
	References
Green Sustainability and Arsenic Groundwater Remediation in Developing countries—A Far-Reaching Review
	1 Introduction
	2 The Vision of the Study
	3 The Need and the Rationale of This Study
	4 Green Sustainability and the Vast Vision for the Future
	5 Arsenic and Heavy Metal Groundwater Remediation in South Asia and Other Developing Countries
	6 Various Arsenic Remediation Technologies in the Global Scenario
	7 Recent Scientific Advancements in the Field of Green or Environmental Sustainability
	8 Recent Scientific Advances in the Field of Arsenic Groundwater Remediation
	9 Arsenic Groundwater Remediation, the March of Science and the Visionary Future
	10 The Scientific Sagacity and Scientific Ingenuity of Heavy Metal and Arsenic Groundwater Remediation and the March of Engineering Science
	11 Future Scientific Recommendations of This Study, Future Flow of Scientific Thoughts and the Vision Behind it
	12 Conclusion, Summary and Scientific Perspectives
	References
Bio-Based Materials Used in Food Packaging to Increase the Shelf Life of Food Products
	1 Introduction
	2 Shelf Life and Its Determination
		2.1 Common Methods of Increasing the Shelf Life Extension
		2.2 Limiting Attributes and the End of the Shelf Life
	3 Bio-Based Materials in Food Packaging and Their Composites
		3.1 Bio-Based Polymers
		3.2 Bio-Based Nanomaterials
		3.3 Bio-Based Fibres
		3.4 Other Natural Fibres and Their Composites
	4 Smart Nanopackaging for the Enhancement of Food Shelf Life
		4.1 Diversity in Nanopackaging Materials
		4.2 Nano Antimicrobials for Extending Shelf Life of Food
	5 Future Scope
	6 Conclusion
	References
Bio Polymers and Sensors Used in Food Packaging—Present and Future Prospects
	1 Introduction
	2 Biopolymers in Food Packaging
		2.1 Food Packaging Materials Based on Biopolymers
	3 Present Status of Active and Functional Food Packaging
	4 Contribution of Nanotechnology to the Monitoring of Food Security
		4.1 Nanosensors
		4.2 Biosensors in Food Analysis
	5 Future Trends
	6 Conclusion
	References
Biofunctional Textiles: Functional Polymer-Carriers with Antiviral, Antibacterial, Antifungal, and Repellent Activity
	1 Introduction
	2 Essential Oils (EOs)
		2.1 Extraction Methods
		2.2 Taxonomy of Essential Oil
		2.3 Chemical Composition
		2.4 Biological Activities of Eos
	3 Components of Capsules (Encapsulated EOs)
		3.1 Oil Encapsulation Benefits
		3.2 Techniques and Processes Used to Encapsulate Essential Oils
		3.3 Physicochemical Characterization of Encapsulated EOs
		3.4 Release Characteristics of Encapsulated EOs
	4 Functional Textile
		4.1 Finishing Treatments
		4.2 Physicochemical Characterization of the Microcapsule-Treated Fabrics
		4.3 Examples of Antimicrobial and Repellent Textiles
	5 Conclusions and Final Remarks
	References
Low-Cost and Sustainable Treatment Options for Removal of Cd (II) from Drinking Water Using Indigenous Materials for Rural Communities
	1 Introduction
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Preparation of Moringa Oleifera Biosorbent
		2.2 Batch Biosorption Studies
		2.3 Thermodynamic Studies
		2.4 Equilibrium Isotherms
		2.5 Biosorption Kinetic Models
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Biosorbent characterization
		3.2 Batch studies
		3.3 Equilibrium Isotherms for Biosorption of Cd (II) Using Moringa Oleifera
		3.4 Biosorption Kinetic Models for Biosorption of Cd (II) Using Moringa Oleifera
		3.5 Thermodynamics Study for Biosorption of Cd (II) Using Moringa Oleifera
	4 Conclusions
	References
Green Synthesis of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles Using Citrus Sinensis (Orange) Peel Extract for Achieving Ultraviolet Blocking Properties
	1 Introduction
		1.1 Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles (ZnO NPs)
		1.2 UV Blocking Properties of ZnO NPs
	2 Materials and Methods
		2.1 Procedure for Synthesizing ZnO NPs
		2.2 Characterization of the Synthesized ZnO NPs
		2.3 Determination of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the Synthesized ZnO NPs
	3 Results and Discussion
		3.1 Synthesized ZnO NPs
		3.2 Characterization of the Synthesized ZnO NPs
		3.3 Evaluation of Sun Protection Factor (SPF) of the Synthesized ZnO NPs
	4 Conclusions
	References
Biohydrogen Production from Food and Beverage Processing: A Promising Strategy for Wastewater Management
	1 Introduction
	2 Major Applications of Hydrogen
	3 Biomass as an Alternative of Fossil Fuels for Hydrogen Production
		3.1 Dark Fermentative Mode (DFM)
		3.2 PFM
		3.3 IF Mode
	4 Techno Economical Challenges
	5 Strategies to Enhance the Efficiency of the Process
	6 Future Perspectives
	7 Way Forward
	References