Bio-based materials and biotechnologies for eco-efficient construction

Front Cover......Page 1
Bio-Based Materials and Biotechnologies for Eco-Efficient Construction......Page 4
Copyright Page......Page 5
Contents......Page 6
List of contributors......Page 12
 1.1 Sustainability challenges, resource efficiency, and the bioeconomy......Page 18
 1.2 Biobased materials and biotechnologies for eco-efficient construction......Page 20
 1.3 Outline of the book......Page 26
 References......Page 28
 Further reading......Page 32
I. Bio-Based Materials and Biotechnologies for Infrastructure Applications......Page 34
  2.1 Introduction......Page 36
   2.2.1 Historical development and applications......Page 38
   2.2.2 Materials and polymerization methods......Page 39
   2.3.1 Rheology......Page 40
   2.3.2 Autogenous shrinkage......Page 41
   2.3.3 Compressive strength......Page 42
   2.4.1 Alginate......Page 46
   2.4.2 Carrageenans......Page 48
  2.5 Current trends and opportunities......Page 49
   2.5.2 Toward multifunctional superabsorbent polymers......Page 50
  2.6 Conclusion......Page 52
  References......Page 53
  3.1 Introduction......Page 60
   3.2.1 Materials and geopolymer mix design......Page 61
   3.2.2 Production and testing......Page 62
   3.3.2 Compressive strength......Page 66
  References......Page 81
  4.1 Introduction to green buildings......Page 84
   4.2.1 Overview......Page 87
    4.2.2.3 Kenaf products......Page 88
    4.2.2.7 Sheep wool products......Page 89
   4.3.1 New approaches in fire retardants......Page 90
   4.3.2 Fire performance tests......Page 91
  4.4 Future trends......Page 92
  References......Page 93
  Further reading......Page 96
  5.1 Introduction......Page 98
   5.2.1 Penetration of modified asphalt binder......Page 100
   5.2.3 Derived properties of modified asphalt binder......Page 101
  5.3 Performance properties of asphalt binder modified with castor bioasphalt......Page 103
   5.3.1 Upper grading temperature of modified asphalt binder......Page 104
   5.3.2 Lower grading temperature of modified asphalt binder......Page 105
   5.3.3 Intermediate grading temperature of modified asphalt binder......Page 106
   5.3.4 Adopted grading temperatures and serviceability temperature of modified asphalt binder......Page 107
  5.4 Service properties of asphalt mixture with castor bioasphalt-modified asphalt binder......Page 108
   5.4.2 Low-temperature cracking resistance of modified asphalt mixture......Page 109
   5.4.4 Resilient modulus and tensile strength of modified asphalt mixture......Page 110
  5.5 Performance properties of asphalt binder rejuvenated with castor bioasphalt......Page 111
   5.5.1 Upper grading temperature of rejuvenated asphalt binder......Page 112
   5.5.3 Intermediate grading temperature of rejuvenated asphalt binder......Page 113
   5.5.4 Adopted grading temperatures and serviceability temperature of rejuvenated asphalt binder......Page 114
  5.6 Summary......Page 116
  References......Page 117
2. Bio-Based Materials and Biotechnologies For Building Energy Efficiency......Page 120
  6.1 Introduction......Page 122
   6.2.1 Materials......Page 123
     Guarded hot plate method......Page 124
    6.2.2.2 Thermal capacity......Page 125
    6.2.2.4 Moisture buffer value......Page 126
  6.3 In situ instrumentation......Page 127
   6.3.1 Case study......Page 129
   6.3.2 Long-term monitoring......Page 130
    6.3.2.2 Wall monitoring......Page 131
   6.4.1 U-value enhancement......Page 132
    6.4.1.1 Before refurbishment......Page 133
    6.4.1.2 After refurbishment......Page 135
   6.4.2 Modification of dynamic behavior......Page 136
  6.5 Indoor thermal comfort alteration......Page 138
  Funding......Page 143
  References......Page 144
   7.1.1 Street trees management issues: the case of exploiting pruning wastes......Page 146
   7.1.2 Why Tilia sp.?......Page 148
  7.2 Composite materials—wood fibers and binders......Page 149
   7.3.1 Source material and preparation of the tiles......Page 150
   7.3.2 EnergyPlus simulations......Page 154
   7.3.3 Discussion......Page 156
  7.4 Conclusion and future developments......Page 159
  References......Page 160
  Further reading......Page 165
  8.1 Introduction......Page 166
   8.2.1 Straw......Page 167
   8.2.3 Buckwheat......Page 169
   8.2.7 Jute......Page 170
   8.2.11 Cotton......Page 171
  8.3 Manufacturing processes......Page 172
   8.3.2 Hot pressing......Page 173
   8.4.1 Thermal conductivity and density......Page 174
   8.4.2 Hygroscopic behavior......Page 177
   8.4.3 Acoustical characterization......Page 178
   8.4.5 Mechanical strength......Page 179
   8.4.6 Environmental performance......Page 181
  8.5 Conclusion......Page 182
  References......Page 183
  9.1 Introduction......Page 188
  9.2 Clay and olive fibers: the raw materials......Page 189
   9.3.2 Sample preparation......Page 192
    9.3.3.1 Thermal properties......Page 194
    9.3.3.2 Hygric properties......Page 195
   9.4.1 Boundary conditions......Page 197
   9.4.2 Results of simulation......Page 199
  9.5 Conclusion......Page 200
  References......Page 201
  10.1 Introduction......Page 204
   10.2.2 Chemical composition......Page 206
   10.2.4 Physical properties......Page 207
   10.2.5 Thermal properties......Page 208
   10.2.7 Heat release rate and mass loss rate......Page 209
   10.3.1 Thermal insulation block type......Page 210
   10.3.2 Bioaggregate as blown-in thermal insulator......Page 214
  10.4 Conclusion......Page 215
  10.5 Future trends......Page 216
  References......Page 217
  11.1 Introduction......Page 220
   11.2.1 Need for latent thermal storage......Page 221
   11.2.2 Energy efficiency through phase-change materials......Page 222
   11.3.2 Synthesis and characterization......Page 223
   11.3.3 Bio-based phase-change materials as thermal interface materials......Page 245
   11.4.2 Microstructural and thermophysical properties......Page 249
   11.4.4 Heat storage performance analysis......Page 252
  References......Page 253
  12.1 Introduction......Page 260
  12.2 Microalgae cultivation and harvesting......Page 261
   12.2.1 Habitats and nutrition......Page 262
   12.2.3 Harvesting......Page 263
   12.3.1 Open photobioreactor systems......Page 265
   12.3.2 Closed photobioreactor systems......Page 266
   12.4.1 Solar energy harvesting......Page 267
   12.4.2 Carbon dioxide sequestration......Page 268
   12.4.3 Wastewater treatment support......Page 269
   12.4.4 Air quality enhancement......Page 270
   12.4.5 Dynamic façade applications......Page 271
  12.5 Challenges and limitations......Page 272
  12.6 Sources of further information and advice......Page 273
  References......Page 274
3. Bio-based materials and biotechnologies for other applications......Page 276
  13.1 Introduction......Page 278
  13.2 Microorganisms involved in removal and degradation of pesticides......Page 279
   13.2.1 Bacterial-assisted biodegradation......Page 281
   13.2.3 Enzymatic-assisted biodegradation......Page 282
   13.4.1 Bioaugmentation......Page 283
   13.4.3 Whole cell immobilization......Page 286
   13.5.1 In situ techniques......Page 287
   13.5.2 Ex situ techniques......Page 288
   13.6.1 Genetic engineering......Page 289
   13.6.3 Functional genomics......Page 290
   13.6.4 Nanotechnological approaches......Page 291
  13.8 Conclusions and prospects......Page 292
  References......Page 293
  14.1 Introduction......Page 302
   14.2.1 Carbohydrate-derived fiber......Page 303
   14.2.3 Carbohydrate-derived waste and humins......Page 305
  14.3 Production of carbohydrate-derived materials......Page 307
   14.4.1 Carbohydrate-derived materials in cement and concrete......Page 309
   14.4.2 Carbohydrate-derived materials in polymer......Page 312
   14.4.3 Other applications of carbohydrate-derived building materials......Page 314
  14.5 Advantages and limitations of carbohydrate-derived building materials......Page 315
  14.6 Future outlook......Page 316
  References......Page 318
  15.2 Indoor air quality......Page 322
   15.2.2 Volatile organic compounds (VOCs)......Page 323
   15.2.3 Particulate matter......Page 324
   15.2.5 Bioaerosols......Page 325
  15.3 Existing solutions to indoor air quality problems......Page 326
   15.4.1 Passive botanical systems......Page 327
   15.4.2 Biotrickling filters......Page 329
   15.4.3 Active botanical biofiltration......Page 330
   15.4.4 Pollutant removal by functional green walls......Page 333
   15.4.5 Future directions......Page 334
  References......Page 336
  16.1 Introduction......Page 346
   16.2.1 Cellulose: a natural source for composite materials......Page 350
   16.2.2 Pretreatment of cellulose prior to composite synthesis......Page 352
   16.2.3 Synthesis of TiO2-cellulose composites......Page 353
    16.2.3.2 Cellulose as a sacrificial template for porous TiO2......Page 355
    16.2.3.3 Carbon–TiO2 composites using cellulose as carbon precursor......Page 357
  16.3 Photocatalytic performance of TiO2 composites based on cellulose......Page 359
  16.4 Conclusion and future perspectives......Page 364
  References......Page 365
   17.2.1 Cement admixtures and construction bioplastics......Page 376
   17.2.2 Construction biocement......Page 377
   17.3.1 Biosafety comparison of pure, enriched, and indigenous microbial culture......Page 378
   17.3.2 Biosafety of extremophilic microorganisms......Page 379
   17.3.3 Biosafety and environmental safety of construction biomaterials and bioprocesses......Page 380
   17.4.1 Calcium acetate or calcium formate biocement......Page 381
   17.4.3 Calcium bicarbonate biocements......Page 382
   17.4.4 Denitrification biocementation......Page 383
   17.4.5 Iron-based biocement......Page 385
  References......Page 386
  Further reading......Page 392
  18.1 Introduction......Page 394
   18.2.2 Stages and types of biotechnological decontamination of CBRN agents......Page 395
   18.3.1 Microbially induced calcium carbonate precipitation......Page 396
   18.3.2 Biosafety of the release of living microorganisms to environment......Page 397
   18.3.3 Biotechnology of dust control using artificial formation of soil crust......Page 398
   18.3.4 Biotechnological control of the chemical pollutants leaching......Page 399
   18.3.5 Biotechnological control of radioactively polluted environment......Page 400
   18.4.1 Aerobic oxidation of organic acids salts......Page 401
   18.4.2 Microbially induced calcium phosphate precipitation......Page 402
   18.4.3 Advantages and disadvantages of biotechnological decontamination......Page 403
  Acknowledgments......Page 404
  References......Page 405
  Further reading......Page 410
Index......Page 412
Back Cover......Page 429