BIM in Bridge and Infrastructure Design: Digital Building Models with NX, 3D Design, Data Integration, Data Exchange and FE Simulation

Preface
Table of contents
1 Introduction and Outline
2 3D Modeling of Bridge- and Engineering Structures with NX: Introductory Examples
	2.1 NX-terms
		Assembly (group)
		Component
		Sketch
		Wavelinks (Wave-Geometrie-Linker)
		Expressions
		assembly constraints
		Reuse Object
		Reference-Sets     Auswahlfilter für geladene Objekte
		Layer
	2.2 Introductory examples: Top-down modeling for bridge and engineering structures
		Example 1: Bridge pier with base plate
			I. Generate an assembly structure with empty component files
				1. Generate a new model file (blank)
				2. Change to Modeling
				3. Generating the empty component files
				3.1 Activate the assembly tab
				3.2 Creating the empty component files
				3.3 Fixing the generated components
			II. Generate a parametric control file
				1. Edit control file as a separate part
				2. Create a sketch on the x-y-plane of the control component
				3. Move the Sketch to layer 21
				4. Parametric design using expressions
				5. Datum Coordinate System (available)
				6. Datum Plane for bottom edge of the baseplate
				7. Datum Plane for top edge of the pier
				8. Moving the reference objects to layer 61
				9. Save and switch to the assembly structure by "close
				10. Switch layer visible
			III. Linking of the control sketch with the component files
				11. Set Baseplate Axis 20 as active part
				12. Wave Geometry-Linker
				13. Wave Geometry-Linker
				14. Set Pier Axis 20 as active part 15. Wave Geometry-Linker
				15. Wave Geometry-Linker
				16. Wave Geometry-Linker
				17. Set AS Substructure Axis 20 as active part
			IV. Modeling of the components baseplate
				18. Set Baseplate Axis 20 as active part
				19. Move the linked elements to corresponding layers
				20. Extrude the linked rectangle
				21. Close window and change Reference-Sets of the components
				Pier
					1. Design the inclines pier
			V. Make changes and analysis of linked relationships
				1. Make changes and model update
				2. Interpart Link Browser
				3. Relations Browser
				4. Removing the associativity
		Example 2: Bridge deck orientated on a spline
			I. Generate an assembly structure with empty component files
			II. Generate the control file including guide curve, axis of the building, datum plane and control sketch
				1. Change to Modeling (from Gateway to Modeling)
				2. Guide curve from given coordinates
				3. Copy curve associatively
				4. Generate the axis of the building by projecting the spline into the plane
				Change the route
					1. Do the procedure of step
					2. Replace Spline (7)
					2. Replace Spline (7)
					3. Exchange Curve
				Generate datum planes
					1. Generate datum plane of axis 10
					2. Generate datum planes of axis 20 and 30
					3. Generate datum axis
					4. Adjust datum coordinate system (CSYS)
					5. Rename, group and move reference elements to layer 61
				Generate a sketch
					1. Create the Sketch
					2. Edit Sketch (with Rollback)
					3. Intersection of the guide curve with the sketch
					4. Roughly sketch cross section
					5. Precisely define cross section by parameters and constraints
					6. Associative copy of the sketch
					7. Adjust the parameters of the sketch
					8. Save sketch as reuseable object externally
					9. Insert the sketch as a reusable object in axis 30
			III. Linking the control sketch with the component (Bridge deck)
				1. Linking of the sketches
				2. Linking of the guide curve
			IV. Modeling of the bridge deck construction
				1. Extrude the deck along the route over three cross sections
				2. Check of the extruded object
		Example 3: Bridge deck along several guide curves
			I. Creating the assembly structure with empty components
			II. Generation of the control file with guide curves (gradient, road edges, structure axis, changeable lower edge of structure,
				Construct guide curves
					1. Switch to modeling part (from gateway to modeling)
					2. Edit datum coordinatesystem (CSYS)
					3. Construct curve as an arc in the x-y plane (axis)
					4. Construct a route based on the arc section with the help of a start and end elevation
					5. Design structure axis for guiding an arc-shaped bottom edge of the cross section based on the circular arc section
					6. Set datum axis
					7. Construct cross sections with saddle slopes at the beginning
					8. Create lane table from cross profiles and road axis
					9. Create cross section sketch and copy it to the end of the bridge deck
			III. Modeling the design of the bridge deck (component) along several guiding lines Explanation:
		Example 4: Connect a sheet pile wall and a base to the construction with constraining conditions
			I. Loading a finished assembly structure and supplement component files
			II. Generation of bodies in the new component files
				1. Underwater Concrete Base
					1.1 Createinterpart parameters from the control file
					1.2 Create Underwater Concrete Base
					1.3 Create a sheet pile
			III. Creation of geometric constraints between assemblies and components
				2. Position AS Excavation Support Axis 20
				3. Position sheet pile element within the sub-assembly AS Excavation Support Axis 20 via assembly constraints
				4. Adding further sheet pile elements
		Example 5: Drawing derivation of a bridge deck
			I. Creation of a drawing sheet
				1. Fully load assembly “AS Bridge Example 2”
				2. Create new drawing sheet
				3. Edit sheet frame and title block
					3.1 Edit sheet frame
					3.2 Fill in title block
			II. Creating base views and sections
				4. Create view
				5. Make settings for the view
				6. Create section
			III. Dimensioning of the drawing
				8. Lengths dimensioning
				9. Elevation Numbers
				10. Setting out Points
				11. Chainage
				12. Slope dimension
			IV. Update the views
			V. Creating an PDF file
	2.3 Some important general features and notes about NX
3 Project example: Two-span bridge
	3.0 Overview and objectives
	3.1 Integrating the digital terrain model
		Digital terrain model requirements for data exchange
		Further processing of the DTM:
	3.2 Integrating existing infrastructure
		Alignment from the traffic facility planning
		Import 2.5D alignment
		Create a sketch of the simplified road cross-section
		Extrude road surface along route and intersect with terrain
		Integrate and create additional 2D as-built parts
	3.3 Integrating 2.5-D Routing into the 3D Environment
	3.4 Background knowledge: Create components object-oriented as a 3D model
		Extrusion techniques
	3.5 Create site setup as simplified envelope geometry
	3.6 3D design of the bridge superstructure along the alignment
		Changes in the planning process
			Roadway widening
			Web coves
			Bridge structures in the crossing area of several train paths
		Exercise for 3D design of the superstructure along guide curves
		Construction stationing on the route:
	3.7 3D design of substructures associative to superstructure and terrain
		Exercise for 3D design of substructures associative to superstructure and terrain
			Including the template assembly in the reuse library
			Insertion points
			Fixing the superstructure
			Inserting the PTS abutment (PTS=Product Template Studio, template)
			Positioning the PTS abutment
	3.8 Background Knowledge: Level of Detail/Development, Level of Information
	3.9 Integrate information into the 3D design
		How is the information assigned to the objects?
		How can you assign a building material to an object?
		Where can I see the already defined data?
		What automation options are available for the inputs?
		Attributes
		Expressions
			1. Define attributes
			2. Create expressions
				a. Concrete volume by measurement
				b. Assign reinforcement by selecting from list and referencing as attribute
				c. Determine reinforcement quantity as a simple arithmetic operation
				d. Control:
	3.10 Reuse Parts, Part Library and Part Family
		Reuse 3D part
		Component libraries
		2D sketches as reusable parts
		Part families
		Create part family
		Create part family
	3.11  Collision checks and geometric testing on the model
		Collision check of the building model:
		Geometric testing (deviations, accuracy)
		A note on representation:
	3.12 Associative measurements and storage of important bridge parameters in the 3D model
	3.13 Drawing derivation
	3.14 Construction sequence as arrangements (static) and in sequences (dynamic)
		Represent the construction process in individual arrangements (statically)
		Dynamically represent construction sequence in sequences, check kinematics
	3.15 Data exchange in neutral format with Industry Foundation classes IFC
		Introduction
		IFC Overview: Component-oriented data schema
		IFC in bridges and civil engineering
		Subset of the model: IFC schema filter
		IFC Mapping and IFC Export
		Attribute assignment and inheritance structure of attributes in NX:
		IFC Export in NX
4 BIM2FEM - Design Embedded Simulation in Concrete Bridge  Construction
	4.0 Overview and objectives
	4.1 Construction of an isogeometric associative computational model
		Integration and design objects for the dimensional reduction of the element stresses to crosssectional internal forces
	4.1 Mesh generation with volume elements
	4.3 3D system, restraints and load input
		Modeling
			System stiffnesses
			Boundary conditions - Bearings
			Bearing stiffnesses
			Load input
			Material properties
			Material properties of concrete
			Prestressing:
			Input of design objects for the design of concrete components in GZT and GZG
			Error source cross-section jumps:
	4.4 Stress-based and internal forces-based evaluation and design
		Design on the basis of internal forces
		Preliminary investigations based on stresses
	4.5 Example 2: Oblique plate with post-tensioning
		Procedure analogous to chapter 4.1-4.4
			1. Isogeometric calculation model
			2. Mesh generation with volume elements
			3. Evaluation of the stresses and the integration objects
				Decompression proof on the basis of element stresses
				Design in reinforcement direction at design points A, B, C
				Design of the reentrant corner (design point E) with biaxial stress state
5 List of sources
6 List of Figures
7 Subject index