billiar tract surgery 2008 vol 88 issue 6

Cover......Page 1
Foreword......Page 2
Preface......Page 5
Biliary Anatomy and Embryology......Page 7
Embryology of the biliary system......Page 8
Right lobe bile duct anatomy......Page 9
Left lobe bile duct anatomy......Page 11
Caudate lobe bile duct anatomy......Page 14
Common bile duct anatomy......Page 16
Arterial blood supply of the biliary system......Page 18
Gallbladder and cystic duct anatomy......Page 19
Relationship of extrahepatic bile ducts to vascular structures......Page 20
References......Page 21
Supersaturation......Page 23
Bile production and composition......Page 24
Bile acid synthesis......Page 26
Enterohepatic circulation......Page 27
Pathogenesis......Page 29
Nucleation......Page 30
Biliary sludge......Page 31
Weight loss......Page 32
Pregnancy......Page 33
Ileal disease......Page 34
Estrogen......Page 35
Overview of pigment stones......Page 36
Chronic hemolytic states......Page 37
Brown pigment stones......Page 38
References......Page 39
Iodipamide meglumine (Cholografin)......Page 43
Nuclear medical hepatobiliary evaluation......Page 44
History......Page 45
Meglumine iotroxate (Biliscopin)......Page 46
Intravenous cholangiography in the early laparoscopic era......Page 47
Postoperative fluoroscopic cholangiography......Page 48
Barium cholangiography......Page 50
History......Page 51
Suggested indications......Page 53
Image analysis......Page 54
Preoperative IV CT cholangiography versus intraoperative direct cholangiography in potential liver donors......Page 56
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography......Page 57
Technical considerations......Page 58
Magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography enhanced with biliary magnetic resonance contrast agents......Page 60
Cholelithiasis/choledocholithiasis......Page 62
Gallbladder diseases......Page 63
References......Page 64
Endoscopic Evaluation and Therapies ofnbspBiliary Disorders......Page 69
Choledocholithiasis......Page 72
Benign biliary strictures......Page 75
Stricture secondary to chronic pancreatitis......Page 76
Biliary leaks......Page 77
Sclerosing cholangitis......Page 78
Malignant strictures......Page 79
Distal common bile duct stricture......Page 80
Proximal bile duct stricture......Page 81
Sphincter of Oddi dysfunction......Page 83
References......Page 84
Symptomatic cholelithiasis: gallstones......Page 89
Pathophysiology......Page 90
Clinical manifestations......Page 91
Laboratory and radiologic diagnosis......Page 92
Treatment......Page 93
Epidemiology......Page 94
Treatment......Page 95
Pathophysiology......Page 96
Two complications of cholecystitis: Mirizzi syndrome and gallstone ileus......Page 97
Gallstone ileus......Page 98
References......Page 99
Epidemiology......Page 101
Diagnostic criteria......Page 102
Physiology and pathophysiology......Page 103
Pain provocation with cholecystokinin......Page 104
Does gallbladder ejection fraction predict success?......Page 105
Treatment......Page 106
Conclusions......Page 107
Anatomy of the choledocho-pancreatico-duodenal junction......Page 108
Biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction......Page 109
Evaluation of patients who have suspected biliary sphincter of Oddi dysfunction......Page 110
Type I......Page 111
Types II and III......Page 112
Evaluation of patients who have pancreatic sphincter of Oddi dysfunction......Page 113
Surgery......Page 114
References......Page 115
History......Page 121
Indications......Page 124
Technique......Page 129
Complications......Page 138
Open cholecystectomy in the future......Page 140
References......Page 141
Laparoscopic Cholecystectomy......Page 143
Technical considerations......Page 144
Common bile duct injury......Page 145
Cholangiography......Page 147
Acute cholecystitis......Page 148
Mirizzi syndrome......Page 149
Pregnancy......Page 150
Diagnostic laparoscopy......Page 151
Exposure of the Calot triangle......Page 152
Cholangiography technique......Page 154
Extent of dissection......Page 155
Acute cholecystitis......Page 156
Cholecystostomy tube......Page 158
References......Page 159
Preoperative diagnosis and treatment......Page 162
Intraoperative diagnosis and treatment......Page 163
Indications for common bile duct exploration......Page 164
Open common bile duct exploration......Page 166
Laparoscopic common bile duct exploration......Page 170
References......Page 174
Iatrogenic Biliary Injuries: Classification, Identification, and Management......Page 176
Classification of biliary injuries......Page 177
Mechanism of biliary injuries......Page 181
Identification of biliary injuries......Page 182
Initial management......Page 184
Surgical repair......Page 185
Outcomes following repair of biliary injuries......Page 186
References......Page 188
Endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography......Page 191
Diagnosis of Mirizzi syndrome......Page 192
Gallstone ileus......Page 195
Diagnosis......Page 196
Treatment......Page 197
Diagnosis......Page 201
Management......Page 203
Cholecystectomy......Page 205
Surgical management of the complications of pancreatitis......Page 206
Conclusion......Page 207
Lost gallstones......Page 208
References......Page 212
Etiology......Page 215
Classifications......Page 217
Clinical Presentation......Page 221
Diagnostic imaging......Page 223
Cancer and bile duct cysts......Page 224
Surgical management......Page 225
References......Page 228
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis......Page 231
Epidemiology......Page 232
Diagnosis......Page 233
Modes of presentation......Page 234
Associated diseases......Page 236
Complications......Page 237
Cholangiocarcinoma......Page 238
Biochemical tests......Page 239
Cholangiography......Page 240
Liver biopsy......Page 241
Etiology......Page 242
Natural history......Page 243
Management......Page 245
Medical......Page 246
Surgical......Page 248
Liver transplantation......Page 249
Summary......Page 250
References......Page 251
Incidence......Page 254
Etiology......Page 255
Clinical presentation......Page 256
Radiologic evaluation......Page 257
Preoperative biliary drainage......Page 261
Patient selection and assessment of resectability......Page 262
Treatment......Page 263
Results......Page 266
Palliation......Page 267
Summary......Page 269
References......Page 270
Classification......Page 274
Pathology......Page 275
Risk factors......Page 276
Choledochal cystic disease......Page 277
Biliary papillomatosis......Page 278
Molecular pathogenesis......Page 279
Tumor markers......Page 280
Staging......Page 281
Diagnostic imaging......Page 282
Management......Page 283
Other biliary malignancies......Page 289
References......Page 290