Bilingual children: from birth to teens

Bilingual Children: From Birth to Teens......Page 1
Contents......Page 4
Preface......Page 7
L......Page 9
S......Page 10
U......Page 11
Introduction......Page 12
What is Bilingualism?......Page 18
Is Bilingualism an Advantage or a Disadvantage?......Page 25
(b) Earlier Separation of Meaning from Sound......Page 28
(e) Greater Adeptness at Creative Thinking......Page 29
(f) Greater Linguistic and Cognitive Creativity......Page 30
(h) Greater Facility at Concept Formation......Page 31
The Family......Page 37
Motives for Creating Bilingualism in the Family......Page 41
Infant Bilingualism......Page 44
Method Employed......Page 53
General Remarks......Page 61
Stage I......Page 62
Stage II......Page 63
The Children's Communication Strategies......Page 67
Children Addressing Both Parents Simultaneously......Page 68
Children Addressing Father Plus Monolingual(s)......Page 71
Child to Child Communication......Page 72
Communication Between Brothers and Sister......Page 78
Private Speech......Page 80
Dreams......Page 82
Communication with Animals......Page 83
Communication with Toys......Page 85
Introduction......Page 86
Role-Play......Page 92
The Mother's Knowledge of German......Page 93
Privacy......Page 94
Storytelling by the Parents......Page 95
Code Switching and Triggering......Page 96
(b) Anticipational Triggering......Page 98
(c) Sandwich Words......Page 99
(e) Blocked Switching......Page 100
(f) Triggered Switches in Style in the One Language......Page 101
Quotational Switching......Page 102
Quotational Switching in Storytelling......Page 107
Attitudes of Monolingual English Speakers......Page 110
Relatives and Friends......Page 117
Playmates......Page 120
Peer Group Pressure......Page 124
The Children and German-English Bilinguals......Page 125
Kindergarten and School......Page 129
Children's Reluctance to Speak the Home Language......Page 134
Effect of the Father's Not Being a Native Speaker of German......Page 145
Receptive Vocabulary......Page 155
Estimating Fluency and Accuracy......Page 161
Storytelling......Page 162
A Look at the Children's Accuracy Over Time......Page 170
Types of Errors and Reasons for Their Occurrence......Page 173
(a) Case and Gender......Page 174
(b) Word Order......Page 176
(c) Plurals......Page 179
Semantic Transference......Page 180
Lexical Transference......Page 192
The Children's Attitude to English Loanwords Used in German......Page 197
Phonological Transference......Page 198
Communicative Competence......Page 202
Conclusions About the Children's Accuracy......Page 204
Measuring Degree of Bilingualism......Page 205
8— Biliteracy......Page 209
English......Page 220
Translation of German Version:......Page 221
The Children's Attitude to Their Two Languages......Page 222
The Children and Language and Languages......Page 232
10— Two Varieties of German Meet: A Family Language and a National Language......Page 237
Books and Magazines......Page 251
Records, Audio and Video Cassettes......Page 253
Radio and Television......Page 256
Games......Page 259
Shops, Restaurants, Etc.......Page 260
Ethnic Schools and Playgroups......Page 261
Holiday and Weekend Camps, Clubs......Page 264
Correspondence......Page 265
Books on Bilingualism for Parents......Page 266
Language Maintenance for Parents......Page 267
12— Conclusions......Page 268
Bibliography......Page 270
H......Page 281
S......Page 282
B......Page 283
N......Page 284
W......Page 285