Big Data Privacy and Security in Smart Cities

Contents
Smart Cities: A Survey of Tech-Induced Privacy Concerns
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
		2.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
		2.2 Big Data
		2.3 Information and Communication Technology (ICT)
	3 Smart Cities Technologies
		3.1 Smart Mobility and Transportation Technology
		3.2 Smart Energy Technology
		3.3 Smart Health Technology
		3.4 Smart Governance Technology
	4 Conclusion
	References
Ethics of Face Recognition in Smart Cities Toward Trustworthy AI
	1 Introduction
	2 Representative Scene
		2.1 Demographic Aspect
		2.2 Smart-City Surveillance
		2.3 Facepay
		2.4 Face to DNA
	3 Relevant Laws or Regulations
		3.1 Related U.S. Laws and Regulations
		3.2 European Private Privacy Laws
	4 Proposal to Trustworthy
		4.1 Explainability
		4.2 Privacy
		4.3 Nondiscrimination & Fairness
		4.4 Integrity
		4.5 Environmental Friendliness
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Technical Review on Driverless Vehicle Technologies in Smart Cities
	1 Introduction
	2 Prospects and Challenges
	3 Architecture of Automated Driving Systems
	4 Sensors and Hardware
	5 Localization and Mapping
	6 Perception
	7 Planning and Decision Making
	8 Datasets
	9 Transportation in Smart City
	10 Deep Learning in Driverless Vehicles
	11 Driverless Vehicle Cases
	12 Conclusion
	References
A Mechanism to Maintain Node Integrity in Decentralised Systems
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Study
	3 Proposed Mechanism
	4 Discussions and Future Development
	5 Conclusions
	References
Incident Detection System for Industrial Networks
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Works
	3 Industrial Protocol Modbus/TCP
	4 Modbus/TCP Security Module
		4.1 Phase 1—Databases Approach
		4.2 Phase 2
	5 Graphical Visualization
	6 Conclusion
	References
Predictive Maintenance of Vehicle Fleets Using LSTM Autoencoders for Industrial IoT Datasets
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Computational Method
		3.1 Datasets
		3.2 LSTM Autoencoder for Predictive Maintenance
	4 Experiments and Results
	5 Conclusion
	References
A Comparative Study on the User Experience on Using Secure Messaging Tools
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 User Experience Research
		2.2 Obstacles to the Adoption of Secure Communication Tools
		2.3 Previous Email Encryption Studies
	3 Problem Statement
	4 Research Methodology
		4.1 Heuristic Review for Thunderbird Email Client
		4.2 System Settings Versus App Settings
	5 Recommendations and Future Directions
	6 Conclusions
	References
A Survey on AI-Enabled Pandemic Prediction and Prevention: What We Can Learn from COVID
	1 Introduction
	2 Prediction and Forecasting
	3 Screening and Treatment
	4 Contact Tracing
	5 Drugs and Vaccination
	6 Other AI Application of COVID-19
	7 Pandemic Prevention in Smart City
	8 Conclusion and Discussion
	References
Blockchain Based Health Information Exchange Ecosystem:  Usecase on Travellers
	1 Introduction
	2 Related Work
	3 Proposed Transformation Centered Around Smart Contract
	4 Discussion
	5 Conclusion
	References
Video-Based Heart Rate Detection: A Remote Healthcare Surveillance Tool for Smart Homecare
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
		2.1 Previous Research Which Use PPG/RIPPG
		2.2 Previous Research Which Use BCG
		2.3 Results from Previous Work
	3 Methodology
		3.1 Data Collection
		3.2 ROI Selection and Tracking
		3.3 Implementation of Tracking Algorithm
		3.4 Validity of Obtained Frequencies
		3.5 Noise Filtration
		3.6 Synchronising the Waveforms
		3.7 Estimating the Beats per Minute Using Peak FFT Analysis
		3.8 Estimating Beats per Minute from the Number of Prominent Peaks in the Signal
		3.9 Detecting BPM Through Short-time Fourier Transform
		3.10 Generating ECG Like Signal
	4 Results
		4.1 From FFT Signal Analysis
		4.2 Short Time Fourier Analysis
		4.3 Generating ECG Like Signal
	5 Conclusion
		5.1 Key Findings
		5.2 Limitations
		5.3 Future Research
	References
A Survey on the Integration of Blockchain and IoT: Challenges and Opportunities
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 An Overview of IoT and Blockchain
		3.1 Internet of Things (IoT)
		3.2 IoT Framework
		3.3 IoT Security Challenges
		3.4 IoT on Blockchain
	4 Blockchain Implementation in Different IoT Domain
		4.1 Internet of Energy (IoE)
		4.2 Internet of Vehicles
		4.3 Internet of Healthcare Things
		4.4 Access Management in IoT
		4.5 Authentication and Identity Management
		4.6 Fog Computing
		4.7 Internet of Agriculture
		4.8 Software-Defined Networking
		4.9 Internet of Smart Cities
		4.10 Intrusion Detection
		4.11 Internet of Cloud
		4.12 Blockchain for 5G
	5 Blockchain Limitations
		5.1 Scalability
		5.2 Throughput
		5.3 Energy Consumption
		5.4 Latency
		5.5 Block Size and Bandwidth Related Issues
		5.6 The Smart Contract Deployment Cost
		5.7 Usability
		5.8 Currently Introduced Solutions
	6 The Future Research Directions
	7 Conclusion
	References
Quantum Bitcoin: The Intersection of Bitcoin, Quantum Computing and Blockchain
	1 Introduction: Background on Quantum Computing Meets Bitcoin
	2 What’s Blockchain and Cryptocurrency
	3 A Brief Introduction to Quantum Computing
	4 Grover’s Algorithm, Shor's Algorithm and Impact on Bitcoin
	5 Possible: Quantum Bitcoin
	6 Discussion
	7 Conclusion
	References
Biometric Blockchain (BBC) Based e-Passports for Smart Border Control
	1 Introduction
	2 Literature Review
	3 Preliminaries
		3.1 Blockchain
		3.2 Verifiable Credential and Decentralized Identifier
	4 The Proposed e-password System
		4.1 Main Entities
		4.2 Biometric Authentication
		4.3 System Modelling
	5 Implementations and Performance
	6 Conclusion
	References