Battery Operated Devices and Systems: From Portable Electronics to Industrial Products

Cover Page......Page 1
Preface......Page 2
Introduction......Page 3
Computing......Page 7
Portable Tools......Page 13
Other Portable Products......Page 14
Aerospace and Military Applications......Page 15
Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) Vehicles......Page 16
References......Page 17
Introduction......Page 18
Zinc-Carbon Batteries......Page 19
Alkaline Batteries......Page 22
Primary Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries......Page 25
Primary Zinc-Air Batteries......Page 26
Primary Lithium Batteries......Page 28
Lithium/Sulphur Dioxide Batteries......Page 30
Lithium/Thionyl Chloride Batteries......Page 32
Lithium/Manganese Dioxide Batteries......Page 34
Lithium/Carbon Monofluoride Batteries......Page 36
Comparison of Li Primary Batteries and Market Considerations......Page 37
Lithium-Ion Batteries......Page 39
Lead-Acid Batteries......Page 45
Sealed batteries......Page 47
Batteries for Starting, Lighting, Ignition (SLI)......Page 48
Stationary batteries......Page 49
Sealed batteries......Page 51
Vented batteries......Page 52
Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries......Page 53
Secondary Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries......Page 56
Nickel-Hydrogen Batteries......Page 58
Nickel-Iron Batteries......Page 63
Large Zinc-Air Batteries......Page 64
Zinc/Bromine Batteries......Page 66
Vanadium Redox-Flow Batteries......Page 67
Li-Al/Iron Sulphide Batteries......Page 68
Sodium/Sulphur Batteries......Page 69
Sodium/Nickel Chloride (Zebra) Batteries......Page 70
Lithium-Metal-Polymer Batteries......Page 71
References......Page 72
General Considerations......Page 75
Notebooks, Tablet PC and Ultra Mobile PC (UMPC)......Page 76
E-Book Readers......Page 82
Cellular Phones and Smartphones......Page 83
Personal Digital Assistants (PDA)......Page 84
Digital Still Cameras (DSC)......Page 87
Digital Camcorders......Page 91
Portable Players......Page 92
Portable VoIP (Voice over Internet Protocol) Phones......Page 95
Professional Audio/Video Equipment......Page 96
Meters......Page 97
Glucose Meter......Page 98
Pulse Oximetry......Page 99
Miscellaneous Meters......Page 100
CPR (Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation) and AED (Automated External Defibrillator)......Page 101
Pacemakers and Other Portable Devices for Cardiac Rhythm Management......Page 104
Other Therapeutic Devices......Page 106
Diagnostic Devices......Page 110
Miscellaneous Medical Devices......Page 115
Hobby and Professional Power Tools......Page 116
Portable Barcode Readers......Page 119
Handheld GPS (Global Positioning Systems)......Page 121
Portable Device Power Management......Page 123
Transistors......Page 125
Microprocessors and Microcontrollers......Page 129
Voltage Regulators......Page 132
Radio-Frequency Communications......Page 136
Port Power and Protection......Page 137
Hard Disk Drives......Page 138
Thermal Management of the Device Components......Page 139
Battery Management......Page 140
The Concept of Smart Battery......Page 141
Using Battery Packs in Extreme Environments......Page 146
Radio Frequency Interferences......Page 148
Battery Charging......Page 149
Trends in Battery Selection for Portable Devices......Page 154
References......Page 159
Meters......Page 162
Power Meters......Page 163
Water Meters......Page 164
Heat Meters......Page 165
Flow Meters......Page 166
Parking Meters......Page 167
Gas Leak Detectors......Page 168
Meters with AMR Capability......Page 169
Data Loggers......Page 171
Sensors and Sensor Networks......Page 172
Alarms and Security Systems......Page 181
Portable Video Surveillance......Page 182
Wireless Alarms......Page 183
Remote Level Control......Page 184
Pipeline Inspection Gauges (PIGs)......Page 186
Emergency Lights......Page 188
Beacons......Page 189
Automatic Crash Notification......Page 191
Oil Drilling......Page 193
Oceanography......Page 198
Current Meters......Page 200
GPS Buoys......Page 201
Seismometry......Page 203
Tsunami Detection......Page 206
Underwater Gliders......Page 210
Location by Argos System......Page 212
Tracking and Monitoring Systems......Page 214
Radio-Frequency Identification......Page 215
Electronic Toll Collection......Page 218
Satellite Tracking......Page 219
Low Earth Orbit Satellites......Page 220
Geo-stationary Earth Orbit Satellites......Page 221
Medium Earth Orbit Satellites......Page 222
The Global Positioning System Constellation......Page 225
Meteorology and Atmospheric Science......Page 230
Meteorological Satellites......Page 231
Launchers......Page 234
Portable Weather and Ambient Monitoring Stations......Page 235
Aircraft......Page 236
Planetary and Space Exploration Missions......Page 238
Orbiters......Page 239
Probes......Page 242
Human Exploration Missions......Page 243
General Characteristics of Space Batteries......Page 244
Missions to Mars......Page 246
Hubble Space Telescope......Page 248
Stardust......Page 249
Space Solar Power Station (SSPS)......Page 250
Ammunitions......Page 251
Unmanned Air Systems......Page 254
Soldier Equipment......Page 256
Unmanned Undersea Vehicles......Page 258
Robotics......Page 259
Power Supplies......Page 262
Sensors......Page 263
Examples of Mobile Autonomous Robots......Page 264
Mobile Microrobots......Page 266
Micro Electromechanical Systems (MEMS)......Page 270
Farming Applications......Page 273
Load Levelling, Power Quality and UPS......Page 278
Line Interactive UPS......Page 291
Standby-Ferro UPS......Page 292
Double Conversion On-Line UPS......Page 293
Delta Conversion On-Line UPS......Page 294
Telecommunications......Page 300
Real Time Clock and Memory Backup......Page 306
Bluetooth......Page 308
ZigBee......Page 309
Wi-Fi......Page 311
References......Page 315
Introduction......Page 320
Electric Vehicles......Page 321
New EV Proposals: Will They Succeed?......Page 325
Basics of Hybrid Electric Vehicles......Page 328
Parallel Drive Train......Page 330
Series/Parallel Drive Train......Page 331
Micro Hybrids......Page 332
Soft Hybrids......Page 333
Full Hybrids or ‘‘Power Assist’’......Page 334
Plug-in Hybrids (PHEV)......Page 335
Fuel Cell Hybrid EV (FCHEV)......Page 336
Large Hybrid Vehicles: Buses, Light Trucks and Tramways......Page 337
More Information on Hybrid Vehicles......Page 338
Present HEV Production and Perspectives......Page 340
Toyota Prius......Page 343
HEV Requirements......Page 347
Battery Management System......Page 348
Lead-Acid Batteries......Page 354
Ni-MH Batteries......Page 355
Li-Ion Batteries......Page 357
Batteries for EVs......Page 358
Batteries for HEVs......Page 359
Ni-Cd batteries......Page 363
The Vehicle Control Systems......Page 364
Recent Developments in Automotive Lead-Acid Batteries......Page 372
Electric Bikes......Page 373
References......Page 375
List of Acronyms......Page 378
Color Plates......Page 382