Batteries for Portable Devices

Cover......Page 1
Copyright......Page 5
Preface......Page 6
Contents......Page 8
1.1 Cells and Batteries: Components......Page 14
1.2 Some Definitions......Page 16
1.3 Practical Cells......Page 20
1.4 Cell Interconnections......Page 28
2.1 Common Portable Electric and Electronic Devices and their Batteries......Page 30
2.2 Summarizing the Criteria of Choice of Primary and Secondary Batteries for Portable Devices......Page 35
3.2 Designation of Secondary Cells......Page 42
3.3 Performance Tests......Page 44
4.1 Introduction......Page 46
4.2 Zinc-Carbon Batteries......Page 47
4.3 Alkaline Batteries......Page 52
4.4 Zinc/Silver Oxide Batteries......Page 60
4.5 Zinc/Air Batteries......Page 65
4.7 Lithium Batteries......Page 68
4.8 Comparison of Primary Lithium Batteries......Page 88
5.1 Introduction......Page 90
5.2 Sealed Lead-Acid Batteries......Page 91
5.3 Sealed Nickel-Cadmium Batteries......Page 96
5.4 Nickel-Metal Hydride Batteries......Page 109
5.5 Rechargeable Alkaline Zn/MnO2 Batteries......Page 122
5.6 Rechargeable Lithium Batteries (with Li-Based Negative Electrodes)......Page 127
5.7 Lithium-Ion Batteries......Page 132
5.8 Comparison of Secondary Batteries for Portable Devices......Page 159
6.1 Batteries for Cardiac Rhythm Management Devices......Page 160
6.2 Other Medical Applications......Page 166
6.3 Batteries for Special Applications......Page 169
7.1 Correct Handling......Page 176
7.2 Mechanical and Thermal Safety Devices......Page 177
7.3 The Electronic Battery Control......Page 179
7.4 Is Electronic Control Always Necessary?......Page 196
7.5 Examples of Commercial Chargers......Page 197
7.6 Safety Tests and Certifications......Page 199
8.1 Introduction......Page 206
8.2 Basics of PEM Fuel Cells......Page 207
8.3 Single Cell and Cell Stack......Page 211
8.4 Technical Challenges in Fuel Cells for Portable Electronics......Page 216
8.5 Fuel Cells Miniaturization......Page 218
8.6 Fuel Cells Prototypes......Page 219
8.7 Comparison of Batteries and PEM Fuel cells......Page 222
8.8 Introduction......Page 223
8.9 Types of Supercapacitors......Page 225
8.10 Characteristics of Available Supercapacitors......Page 228
8.11 Advantages and Limitations in the Use of Supercapacitors......Page 231
8.12 Applications of Supercapacitors......Page 232
9.1 Introduction......Page 238
9.2 Where do Spent Portable Batteries Go?......Page 244
9.3 Collection and Sorting of Spent Batteries......Page 246
9.4 Battery Recycling......Page 249
9.5 Regulatory Issues for Battery Disposal and Recycling in the U.S.A. and E.U......Page 256
10.1 General Trends......Page 260
10.2 The Market of Rechargeable Batteries for Portable Devices......Page 261
10.3 Lithium-Ion Batteries......Page 265
10.4 Small Fuel Cells......Page 269
Appendix A: Standard Electrode Potentials......Page 272
Appendix B: Frequently Used Symbols and Their Relations*......Page 274
Appendix C: Acronyms Used in Electronics and Mentioned in This Book......Page 275
Appendix D: Glossary......Page 276
Appendix E: Safety Considerations......Page 283
Appendix F: Examples of Battery Chargers, State of Charge Indicators and Battery Protection Circuits......Page 293
Appendix G......Page 296
References......Page 300
Subject Index......Page 306