Basic polymer engineering data

Content: Machine generated contents note: 1.1. Ideal Solids --
1.2. Tensile Properties --
1.2.1. Stress-Strain Behavior --
1.2.2. Tensile Modulus --
1.2.3. Effect of Temperature on Tensile Strength --
1.3. Shear Properties --
1.3.1. Shear Modulus --
1.3.2. Effect of Temperature on Shear Modulus --
1.4.Compressive Properties --
1.4.1. Bulk Modulus --
1.5. Time Related Properties --
1.5.1. Creep Modulus --
1.5.2. Creep Rupture --
1.5.3. Relaxation Modulus --
1.5.4. Fatigue Limit --
1.6. Hardness --
1.7. Impact Strength --
1.8. Coefficient of Friction --
1.9. References --
2.1. Specific Volume --
2.2. Specific Heat --
2.3. Thermal Expansion Coefficient --
2.4. Enthalpy --
2.5. Thermal Conductivity --
2.6. Thermal Diffusivity --
2.7. Coefficient of Heat Penetration --
2.8. Heat Deflection Temperature --
2.9. Vicat Softening Point --
2.10. Flammability --
2.11. References --
3.1. Newtonian and Non-Newtonian Fluids --
3.2. Viscous Shear Flow --
3.2.1. Apparent Shear Rate --
3.2.2. Entrance Loss --
3.2.3. True Shear Stress. Note continued: 3.2.4. Apparent Viscosity --
3.2.5. True Shear Rate --
3.2.6. True Viscosity --
3.3. Rheological Models --
3.3.1. Hyperbolic Function of Eyring and Prandtl --
3.3.2. Power Law of Ostwald and de Waele --
3.3.3. Polynomial of Munstedt --
3.3.3.1. Shift Factor for Crystalline Polymers --
3.3.3.2. Shift Factor for Amorphous Polymers --
3.3.4. Viscosity Equation of Carreau --
3.3.5. Viscosity Formula of Klein --
3.4. Effect of Pressure on Viscosity --
3.5. Dependence of Viscosity on Molecular Weight --
3.6. Viscosity of Two-Component Mixtures --
3.7. Melt Flow Index --
3.8. Tensile Viscosity --
3.9. Viscoelastic Properties --
3.9.1. Primary Normal Stress Coefficient, Q --
3.9.2. Shear Compliance, Je --
3.9.3. Die Swell --
3.10. Rheology of Glass Fiber-Filled Polypropylene Melts --
3.10.1. Introduction --
3.10.2. Model --
3.10.3. Shift Factor as a Function of Fiber Content --
3.10.4. Example --
3.10.5. Summary --
3.11. Practical Computational Rheology Primer --
3.11.1. Introduction. Note continued: 3.11.2. Shear Flow --
3.11.2.1. Relationship between Flow Rate and Pressure Drop --
3.11.2.2. Shear Rates for Blown Film and Extrusion Coating Dies --
3.11.2.3. Extensional Flow --
3.11.2.4. Melt Elasticity --
3.12. Conclusions --
3.13. References --
4.1. Surface Resistivity --
4.2. Volume Resistivity --
4.3. Dielectric Strength --
4.4. Relative Permittivity --
4.5. Dielectric Dissipation Factor or Loss Tangent --
4.6.Comparative Tracking Index (CTI) --
4.7. References --
5.1. Light Transmission --
5.2. Haze --
5.3. Refractive Index --
5.4. Gloss --
5.5. Color --
5.6. References --
6.1. Physical Interactions --
6.1.1. Solubility --
6.1.2. Environmental Stress Cracking (ESC) --
6.1.3. Permeability --
6.1.4. Absorption and Desorption --
6.1.5. Weathering Resistance --
6.2. Chemical Resistance --
6.2.1. Chemical and Wear Resistance to Polymers --
6.3. General Property Data --
6.4. References --
7.1. Extrusion Screws --
7.2. Processing Parameters --
7.2.1. Resin-Dependent Parameters. Note continued: 7.2.1.1. Blown Film --
7.2.1.2. Pipe Extrusion --
7.2.1.3. Flat Film Extrusion --
7.2.1.4. Sheet Extrusion --
7.2.1.5. Wire Coating --
7.2.2. Machine-Related Parameters --
7.2.2.1. Extruder Output --
7.2.2.1.1. Feed Zone --
7.2.2.1.2. Metering Zone (Melt Zone) --
7.2.2.2. Melting Parameter --
7.2.2.3. Melting Profile --
7.2.2.4. Screw Power --
7.2.2.5. Melt Temperature and Melt Pressure --
7.2.2.5.1. Melt Temperature --
7.2.2.5.2. Temperature Fluctuation --
7.2.2.5.3. Melt Pressure --
7.2.2.5.4. Pressure Fluctuation --
7.3. Extrusion Dies --
7.3.1. Pipe Extrusion --
7.3.1.1. General Cross Section --
7.3.1.2. Drawdown and Haul-Off Rates --
7.3.2. Blown Film --
7.3.3. Sheet Extrusion --
7.4. Thermoforming --
7.5.Compounding --
7.5.1. Coextrusion --
7.6. Extrudate Cooling --
7.6.1. Dimensionless Groups --
7.7. References --
8.1. Processes --
8.1.1. Resin-Dependent Parameters --
8.1.1.1. Melt Temperature and Pressure --
8.1.1.1.1. Processing Data for Stretch Blow Molding. Note continued: 8.1.1.1.2. Volume Shrinkage --
8.1.1.1.3. Choice of Material --
8.1.2. Machine-Related Parameters --
8.1.2.1. Blow Molding Dies --
8.2. References --
9.1. Resin-Dependent Parameters --
9.1.1. Injection Pressure --
9.1.2. Mold Shrinkage and Processing Temperature --
9.1.3. Drying Temperatures and Times --
9.1.4. Flow Characteristics of Injection-Molding Resins --
9.2. Machine-Related Parameters --
9.2.1. Injection Unit --
9.2.2. Injection Molding Screw --
9.2.2.1. Nonreturn Valves --
9.2.2.1.1. Nozzle --
9.2.3. Injection Mold --
9.2.3.1. Runner Systems --
9.2.3.2. Design of Gates --
9.2.3.3. Injection Pressure and Clamp Force --
9.2.4. Mechanical Design of Mold --
9.3. Melting in Injection Molding Screws --
9.3.1. Model --
9.3.2. Calculation Procedure --
9.3.3. Sample Calculation --
9.3.4. Results of Simulation --
9.3.5. Screw Dimensions --
9.4. Injection Mold --
9.4.1. Runner Systems --
9.4.2. Calculated Example --
9.4.3. Mold Filling --
9.4.4. Injection Pressure. Note continued: 9.4.5. Calculated Example with Symbols and Units --
9.5. Flow Characteristics of Injection Molding Resins --
9.5.1. Model --
9.5.2. Melt Viscosity and Power Law Exponent --
9.5.3. Experimental Results and Discussion --
9.5.4. Sample Calculation --
9.6. Cooling of Melt in the Mold --
9.6.1. Crystalline Polymers --
9.6.2. Amorphous Polymers --
9.6.3. Calculations with Varying Mold Wall Temperature --
9.6.3.1. Sample Calculation with Symbols and Units --
9.6.3.2. Iteration Procedure --
9.6.3.3. Results of Calculations with the Model --
9.7. Rheological Design of the Mold --
9.7.1. Sample Calculation --
9.7.2. General Channel Shape --
9.8. References --
9.9. Appendix.